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229 protocols using opus software

1

FT-IR Spectroscopic Analysis of Bacterial Response to MDA

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Bacterial pellets of the test bacteria were prepared according to Section “Bacteria cultures.” The test strain was treated with 2 MIC of MDA and the samples were incubated at 37°C for 4 h, and the control groups were treated with PBS under the same conditions. Bacterial precipitates were then obtained by centrifugation (6,000× g, 10 min, 4°C) and rinsed with PBS buffer. To obtain the cell lyophilized powder, the cells were rapidly frozen in liquid nitrogen, crushed to a fine powder, and pre-frozen at −40°C for 24 h, followed by vacuum freeze-drying for 24–48 h. The potassium bromide disc method was used to prepare samples prior to analysis. Three duplicates of each treatment were used. Each treatment group included three replicates.
All spectra were recorded in reflection mode utilizing a FT-IR spectrometer (Bruker Vertex 70, Bruker Optics, Karlsruhe, Germany) and data was collected using Bruker OPUS software (version 7.0; Bruker Optics, Karlsruhe, Germany; Wang et al., 2018 (link)). Unscrambler × 10.4 software were used to conduct spectral pretreatment and data analysis.
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ATR-FTIR Analysis of C. comosa Extract-Gel Interactions

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The incompatibility between C. comosa extract and gel components was investigated using Attenuated total reflection (ATR)-Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The ATR-FTIR characteristics, in the transmission mode, through the 600–4000 cm−1 of C. comosa extract, mucoadhesive polymers, glycerol, C. comosa gels, and the gels without C. comosa extract (placebo gels) were assessed using a BRUKER TENSOR 27 FTIR spectrometer (Bruker Corporation, Billerica, MA, USA) coupled with a zinc selenide ATR crystal. A background spectrum was performed using the dry and clean ATR crystal in the air. Each spectrum was determined at a resolution of 4 cm−1 with an average of 32 scans. After each sample determination, the ATR crystal surface was cleaned by gently wiping it down with a paper towel wet with absolute ethanol. All the ATR-FTIR spectra were captured using Bruker OPUS software (Bruker Corporation, Billerica, MA, USA).
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Infrared Spectra Characterization of Samples

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Infrared spectra in this study were acquired by a Bruker IF-66 spectrometer (Bruker Optics, Coventry, UK) equipped with a golden gate MKII accessory from Specac Ltd (Orpington, UK). A few mg of the sample was placed on the crystal of the ATR cell; each spectrum was acquired at a resolution of 2 cm−1 with 32 scans over a range of 4000 to 550 cm−1 at ambient temperature. For the hot-stage ATR-FTIR, the spectra were acquired every 5 minutes for 3 hours when the sample was placed on the heated ATR stage at 70 °C. The spectra were baseline corrected by using the Bruker OPUS software (Bruker Optics, Coventry, UK). At least three ATR-FTIR spectra were acquired from different sites of each sample to ensure homogeneity throughout the sample tested.
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ATR-FTIR Analysis of Irradiated Polymer Films

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ATR spectra of gamma-ray-irradiated biodegradable polymer films were obtained using an ATR-FTIR spectrophotometer (Bruker TENSOR 37, Bruker Corporation, Billerica, MA, USA). The spectra were measured in the wavenumber range from 500 to 4000 cm−1 in ATR mode. Spectra were recorded using Bruker OPUS software (version 8.5, Bruker Corporation, Billerica, MA, USA) at a resolution of 4 cm−1.
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5

ATR FT-IR Analysis of Plant Chemicals

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Mid infrared spectra reflecting plant chemical composition were obtained at each time point by attenuated total reflectance (ATR) FT-IR analysis using a Bruker Equinox 55 spectrometer (Bruker Optics Ltd., Coventry, UK) equipped with a deuterated tryglycine sulfate detector and a Golden Gate ATR accessory (Specac Ltd., Orpington, UK). Spectra were acquired over the range 4000 to 500 cm−1 as a mean of 32 scans and at a spectral resolution of 4 cm−1 using OPUS software (version 4.2, Bruker Optics Ltd., Coventry, UK).
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FTIR Spectroscopy of Whey Protein Nanoparticles

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Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy measurements were performed on WG in 70.0% v/v ethanol and on WGNP suspensions at pH 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5 and 6.0 (see section 2.3) in water, all at concentrations of 1.0% w p /v. Analyses were carried out using a sealed and desiccated (humidity <2%) Vertex 70 series spectrophotometer (Bruker Optics, Milton, ON, Canada) equipped with a KBr beamsplitter, a BioATRCell II accessory and a mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) detector cooled with liquid nitrogen. Prior to each measurement, a reference spectrum of the sample continuous phase (70.0% v/v ethanol or water at pH 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5 and 6.0) was recorded and subtracted from the corresponding sample spectrum. For each absorbance spectrum, 128 scans were performed in the 800-3,000 cm -1 region with a resolution of 4 cm -1 and an aperture diameter of 3 mm. Opus Software (Bruker) was used for spectral acquisition and reference subtraction. Spectra were corrected for baseline, smoothened (8 point Savitsky-Golay) and subjected to second derivative calculation in Origin software (OriginLab Corporation, Northampton, MA, USA). Protein (NP) secondary structural characteristics were assessed by studying the amide I band region (1600-1700 cm -1 ).
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7

Characterization of CBZ-SUC Powder

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The IR spectra of the CBZ, SUC, and CBZ-SUC powder samples were collected utilizing a high resolution FTIR spectrometer (VERTEX 70, Bruker Optics Inc., Billerica, MA, USA). IR data were recorded by OPUS software (v5.5; Bruker Optics Inc., Billerica, MA, USA) and the data were further processed in OriginLab (v.8; Northampton, MA, USA).
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8

FTIR Analysis of Wood Powder

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FTIR of samples was measured on wood powder by an ATR detector of FTIR equipment. The FTIR spectra were recorded between 400 and 4000 cm - 1 wavelengths and with a 4 cm - 1 resolution (32 spectra averaged) using a Bruker ATR-FTIR spectrometer. The spectra were baseline corrected and smoothed using the OPUS software (Bruker Optics GmbH, Ettlingen, Germany).
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9

Microplastic Characterization Protocol

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All stored MPs were recognized visually using a dissecting microscope equipped with a digital camera (Carl Zeiss Suzhou Co.). A heated needle was further applied to confirm MP identification (Windsor et al., 2019 (link)). The shapes and colors of MP particles were also detected and photographed. Using the Image J program, the length and diameter of each MP were measured. An attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR, Alpha Bruker platinum, 1–211-6353), using zinc slender crystal with an incident angle of 45 ± 15 and 560 scan time (24 s) with a resolution of 4 cm−1 used to validate MPs identification (range: 4000–400 cm−1). MP particles of various colors and shapes were chosen for investigation. The data obtained was manipulated with the OPUS software (Bruker Optics GmbH). The type of polymer present was detected by comparing the obtained spectra with the reference spectra reported by Primpke et al., (2018 (link)).
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10

FTIR Spectroscopy of Modified Electrodes

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A Bruker ALPHA-E FTIR spectrometer (BrukerOptik GmbH, Ettlingen, Germany) connected to OPUS software (BrukerOptik GmbH, Ettlingen, Germany) was used for the infrared spectrometric method. The FTIR spectrometric method was used to characterize the active surface of modified electrodes. The spectra were recorded in the range of 4000–500 cm−1 with 32 scans and a resolution of 4 cm−1 in attenuated total reflectance (ATR) mode. The ATR ZnSe crystal was rinsed with ultrapure water and isopropanol after each measurement. The background used was the spectrum obtained in air.
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