The analysis of the fetal body was based on the measurement of BPD, head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), femur length (FL), humerus length (HL), fetal heart rate (FHR), and estimated fetal weight (EBW) by using fetal biometry ultrasound (Voluson E10, GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL, USA). The ultrasound machine can objectively ascertain abnormalities of the fetal heart through an electronic 4D probe and ultrasound equipment (Voluson E10, GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL, USA). The results of the ultrasound examination were analyzed by the gynecologists themselves to ensure accuracy and reliability.
Voluson e10
Manufactured by GE Healthcare
Sourced in United States, Austria
The Voluson E10 is a ultrasound imaging system designed for obstetric and gynecological examinations. It features advanced imaging technologies to provide high-quality visual representations of the patient's anatomy.
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Lab products found in correlation
Voluson e8, by GE Healthcare (6 mentions)
Voluson e6, by GE Healthcare (2 mentions)
Aplio 900, by Canon (1 mentions)
Epiq 7, by Philips (1 mentions)
Mylab classic c, by Esaote (1 mentions)
Hd11xe, by Philips (1 mentions)
Voluson s8, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions)
Voluson s10, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions)
Ie 33 equipment, by Philips (1 mentions)
Voluson e8 expert, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions)
Ic5 9 d, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions)
44 protocols using voluson e10
1
Fetal Biometry Ultrasound Examination
2
Measuring Fetal Renal Pelvis Diameter
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The anteroposterior (AP) diameter of the renal pelvis, visualized in the transverse plane at the level of the renal hilum was measured according to the standard method used to evaluate the grade of antenatal fetal pyelectasis [8 (link)].
The transvaginal probes used were 5–9 MHz Voluson E10 or E8 (GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL, USA). The abdominal probes used were 2–5 MHz Voluson E10 or E8 (GE Healthcare). All exams were performed by the same experienced obstetrical-gynecological sonographers.
The transvaginal probes used were 5–9 MHz Voluson E10 or E8 (GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL, USA). The abdominal probes used were 2–5 MHz Voluson E10 or E8 (GE Healthcare). All exams were performed by the same experienced obstetrical-gynecological sonographers.
3
Tubal Patency Assessment via 4D-HyCoSy Ultrasound
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Tubal patency test was performed using the Voluson E10 (GE Healthcare, Zipf, Austria) ultrasound system with a RIC 5-9-D volume probe (5–9 MHz) and a dedicated contrast-imaging software. All measurements were performed by 2 ultrasound physicians experienced in the use of TVS 4D-HyCoSy. The procedure was performed between the third and tenth days after their last menstrual period. Prior to 4D-HyCoSy, the reproductive system was initially evaluated by transvaginal 2D and 3D sonography, and the uterine endometrial thickness was measured. After the balloon catheter was confirmed, the 4D-HyCoSy mode was activated after positioning the probe at the level of the sectional plane of the uterus to display bilateral uterine horns and surrounding tissues. SonoVue contrast agent (SonoVue, Bracco International BV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands) was made by mixing 59 mg of SonoVue freeze-dried powder with 5 mL of 0.9% saline solution. The SonoVue solution was then diluted into a 15-mL suspension with 0.9% sterile saline solution and injected into the uterus. The contrast-enhanced volume images were saved as 4D cine clips without 2D image reconstruction. The tubal patency was assessed by playing back the 4D imaging videos, while observing whether the intravasation progressed to the myometrium or venous plexus.
4
Retrospective Study of Sonographic Diagnosis of Supra-Umbilical Bowel Atresia
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This was an 8‐year retrospective observational study conducted at a tertiary maternal and children hospital in Guangzhou, China. Data were collected from the hospital medical system, Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS), from 1st January 2013 to 31st December 2020. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (a) all neonates were confirmed to have SBA by operation or autopsy, and (b) prenatal sonographic examinations were performed in our ultrasound department with available images. The exclusion criteria were: (1) duodenal atresia, (2) associated chromosomal abnormalities or structural abnormalities, and (3) missing details in the surgical record.
Gestational age (GA) was calculated from the last menstrual period or crown‐rump length at 11+0 to 13+6 weeks if there was a discrepancy of more than 5 days between days. All sonographic images were reviewed by two senior sonographers specializing, with professional qualification of prenatal ultrasound diagnosis in China, in prenatal gastrointestinal obstruction, performed on Voluson E10, E8, or E6 (GE Healthcare, Zipf, Austria) with 1.0–8.0 MHz curved transabdominal transducers (RM6C, RAB4‐8, 4C‐D, and C1‐5‐D) in two‐dimensional grayscale and color Doppler mode.
Gestational age (GA) was calculated from the last menstrual period or crown‐rump length at 11+0 to 13+6 weeks if there was a discrepancy of more than 5 days between days. All sonographic images were reviewed by two senior sonographers specializing, with professional qualification of prenatal ultrasound diagnosis in China, in prenatal gastrointestinal obstruction, performed on Voluson E10, E8, or E6 (GE Healthcare, Zipf, Austria) with 1.0–8.0 MHz curved transabdominal transducers (RM6C, RAB4‐8, 4C‐D, and C1‐5‐D) in two‐dimensional grayscale and color Doppler mode.
5
Fetal Echocardiographic Examination Protocol
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Ultrasound equipment with a transabdominal 2-4-MHz curvilinear transducer, such as the Voluson E10 (GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI) or the iE33 (Phillips Medical Systems, Bothel, WE), was used by two professional sonographers in our facility to perform the foetal echocardiographic investigations. A detailed and complete echocardiographic examination was performed, which included biometric measurements along with a sequential scanning of each view: 4-chamber view, 3-vessel view, trachea and 3-vessel view, outflow tract view, and aortic and ductal arches view. Examining the interventricular septum was completed with Color Doppler imaging from at least two different planes. All the ultrasound assessments followed the guidelines of scanning and diagnosis of fetal cardiac disease [13 (link)–15 (link)].
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Ultrasound equipment with a transabdominal 2-4-MHz curvilinear transducer, such as the Voluson E10 (GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI) or the iE33 (Phillips Medical Systems, Bothel, WE), was used by two professional sonographers in our facility to perform the foetal echocardiographic investigations. A detailed and complete echocardiographic examination was performed, which included biometric measurements along with a sequential scanning of each view: 4-chamber view, 3-vessel view, trachea and 3-vessel view, outflow tract view, and aortic and ductal arches view. Examining the interventricular septum was completed with Color Doppler imaging from at least two different planes. All the ultrasound assessments followed the guidelines of scanning and diagnosis of fetal cardiac disease [13 (link)–15 (link)].
6
Fetal Cardiac Imaging with 4D Ultrasound
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All fetuses were examined using a 4D ultrasound system (Voluson E10, GE Healthcare, Kretztechnik, Zipf, Austria), equipped with an electronic matrix probe (eM6C) with RT 4D volume imaging. Conventional 2D scanning was performed on each fetus to obtain the four-chamber view (4CV), left and right outflow tract views, three-vessel view and three-vessel-trachea view for routine analysis.
7
Fetal Auricle Examination by Ultrasonography
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Ultrasonography was performed using a Voluson E10 ultrasonography machine (GE Healthcare, Zipf, Austria), with a RAB2-5 (2.5 ~ 5 MHz) transabdominal volume convex probe.
Pregnant women were placed in the supine position under obstetric conditions. The structural development of the fetuses was systematically screened by ultrasound, and biological diameters were measured. In our study site, fetal auricles were generally observed on the parasagittal plane of the temporal bone, and the probe was deflected left and right on the sagittal plane of the fetal brain or face to display the bilateral auricles. Multiplane scans (including the coronal plane and cervical posterior transverse oblique plane) and 3D imaging were further performed in cases with suspected auricle abnormality (Figure 1 ).
Pregnant women were placed in the supine position under obstetric conditions. The structural development of the fetuses was systematically screened by ultrasound, and biological diameters were measured. In our study site, fetal auricles were generally observed on the parasagittal plane of the temporal bone, and the probe was deflected left and right on the sagittal plane of the fetal brain or face to display the bilateral auricles. Multiplane scans (including the coronal plane and cervical posterior transverse oblique plane) and 3D imaging were further performed in cases with suspected auricle abnormality (
8
Fetal Clubfoot and Nervous System
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Muscle tissue specimens were obtained from eight fetuses that underwent induced abortion due to the prenatal diagnosis of congenital clubfoot combined with nervous system abnormalities in Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University. For better comparison, fetuses with bilateral varus were excluded. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of China Medical University (protocol number 2016PS055K). Ultrasound equipment was Voluson E10 color Doppler ultrasound diagnostic instrument (GE, Boston, MA, United States). The frequency of the conventional abdominal convex probe was 1.0–5.0 MHz.
9
Transvaginal 2D Ultrasound Endometrial Thickness
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All patients underwent routine transvaginal 2D ultrasound examination before surgery. Before the examination, the patients were asked to empty the bladder and take the bladder lithotomy position for the US operation. Coupling gel was smeared on the surface of the probe, and it was put into the posterior fornix of the vagina for performing US imaging. An intraluminal volume probe (Voluson E10, system edition: E70297, GE, USA) was used in this study. The long axis of the endometrium was shown on the sagittal section, and the thickness of the bilayer endometrium was measured by 2D transvaginal ultrasound. The standard for endometrial thickening was greater than 0.4cm.7 (link)
10
Fetal Ultrasound and Echocardiography Assessment
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Ultrasonographic and echocardiographic evaluation was performed only by experienced sonographers with high-resolution ultrasound equipment (Philips EpiQ7, Philips Hamburg, Germany; Voluson E10, GE Munich, Germany, Toshiba Aplio 900, Canon Medical Systems, Neuss, Germany) in all cases, with 5–9 and 2–6, 7, and 8 MHz convex transducers, respectively. A detailed assessment of the fetal anatomy and cardiovascular status including echocardiography and Doppler examination was performed in all subjects. Estimated fetal birth weight (EFW) was calculated [27 (link)] and fetal growth restriction (FGR) defined as EFW <10th percentile for GA. Sonographic amount of AF was calculated by measuring the deepest vertical pocket (DP) of amniotic fluid. Cases with DP <2cm were classified as oligohydramnios, cases with DP >8cm were classified as polyhydramnios.
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