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68 protocols using superfrost plus

1

Quantification of Tumor Radiotracer Uptake

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Tumors harvested at the 1 h, 4 h, and 24 h time points after the intravenous injection of [111In]In-DPEG-TOPSi particles were snap frozen in dry ice cold isopentane and embedded in tissue freezing medium before sectioned with a cryostat microtome (Leica CM1950, Leica Biosystems, Wetzlar, Germany) to 10 µm thick sections and collected to a glass slide (SuperFrost Plus, VWR). The sections were scanned with a real-time digital autoradiography ai4r BeaQuant system (Nantes, France) for 24 h [36 (link)]. Same tumor sections were subsequently stained with hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) and scanned at the Finnish Centre for Laboratory Animal Pathology (FCLAP).
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2

3D Immuno-FISH for Nop52 Localization

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For 3D immuno-FISH, cells grown on Superfrost Plus microscope slides (VWR) were fixed, denatured, probed, and antibody-stained as described previously (10 (link), 25 (link)). Nop52 antibody staining was performed after FISH.
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3

Histological Analysis of Mouse Plantar Skin

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Mice were deeply anesthetized and transcardially perfused with 4% PFA in PBS. Plantar skin was collected and postfixed for 1 hour at room temperature. Following fixation, tissue was immersed in 30% sucrose/PBS (overnight) and then mounted in OCT. Serial sagittal sections (10 μm thick) were cut with a microtome and immediately collected onto slides (Superfrost Plus–VWR) coated with 2% gelatine. Slides were rinsed in water, dipped in 0.5% toluidine blue solution (pH 4) for 2 minutes, washed with water, and mounted with DPX. Mosaics of single plane images were captured on using Axiovision LE Software, Axioskop microscope (Zeiss, Germany) with a 20 × 1.3 NA objective. Images (at least 4 mosaics per animal) were analysed by counting positive cells and normalised by the length of the skin sample.
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4

Oligreen™ Fluorescence Labeling and Imaging

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The samples were tagged with the fluorescent dye Oligreen™ using the protocol provided by the manufacturer. Excess dye was removed through centrifugation at 3000× g for 30 min. A Modulus Fluorimeter (Promega, Madison, WI) was used to measure the fluorescence of the samples (Blue module: Ex 460 nm, Em: 518–570 nm). The samples were also imaged with enhanced dark-field (CytoViva) fluorescence microscope. The samples were prepared by drop casting 10.0 μL of sample onto a glass microscope slide (Fisherbrand Superfrost Plus) and then placing a coverslip overtop (VWR microcover glass). The lacquer (Nail Polish) was then used to create a waterproof seal around the edges. The samples were imaged at 60× magnification.
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5

Cryopreservation and Sectioning of Spinal Cords

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Post-fixed spinal cords were cryo-protected in 15% and 30% sucrose (Sigma, S9378) in 1×PBS. Spinal cords were mounted in cryomolds (Tissue-Tek® Cryomold®, 420572) using compound (Tissue-Tek® O.C.T.™) and rapidly frozen to − 60 °C. Twenty-micrometer coronal sections were produced using a cryostat (Leica, CM1850, − 22 °C) and mounted on slides (VWR, SuperFrost® Plus, 48311-703). Sections were thawed, rehydrated in 1×PBS, blocked for 2 h at RT in blocking solution (0.3% Triton X-100 (Sigma, 93443), 5% normal goat serum (Serotec, 301104, 1×PBS and 0.01% sodium azide (Sigma, S-2002)). Primary antibody (Table 1) was added, and sections were incubated at 4 °C for 24 h. Sections were rinsed in 1×PBS followed by incubation in secondary antibody (Table 1) at RT for 1 h. Sections were incubated at RT for 20 min with nucleic acid stain (Hoechst 33258, Invitrogen™ H3569). Prior to confocal microscopy, the slides were rinsed and mounted using Mowiol (Sigma, 81381) and a cover slip (Marienfeld, 010243).
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6

Skin Immunohistochemistry in Mice

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Mice were deeply anesthetized and transcardially perfused with 4% PFA in PBS. Plantar skin was collected and post-fixed for 1hr at room temperature. Following fixation, tissue was immersed in 30% sucrose/PBS (overnight) and then mounted in OCT. Serial sagittal sections (10μm thick) were cut with a microtome and immediately collected onto slides (Superfrost Plus–VWR) coated with 2% gelatine. Slides were rinsed in water, dipped in 0.5% toluidine blue solution (pH 4) for 2 minutes, washed with water and mounted with DPX. Mosaics of single plane images were captured on using Axiovision LE Software, Axioskop microscope (Zeiss, Germany) with a 20× 1.3 NA objective. Images (at least 4 mosaics per animal) were analysed by counting positive cells and normalised by the length of the skin sample.
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7

Dual In Situ Hybridization with Immunostaining for Drd2-Pet1 Neurons

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For dual in situ hybridization with immunostaining for GFP+ Drd2-Pet1 neuron cell bodies, PFA-perfused brain tissue from adult Drd2-Cre;Pet1-Flpe;RC-FrePe mice was collected as described above but cryosectioned at 20 μm onto slides (Superfrost Plus, catalog #48311-703, VWR), slides were warmed on a slide warmer set to 45°C for 30 min, and processed with RNAscope Multiplex Fluorescent Assay kit (Advanced Cell Diagnostics) following manufacturer’s protocol with the exception that at the end of the protocol, tissue was stained for anti-GFP, as described above, similar to Shrestha et al. (2018) (link). The following probes were used for the dual protocol: Dmd (catalog #561551-C3), Drd2-E2 (catalog #486571-C2), Gad2 (catalog #439371-C2), and Serpini1 (catalog #501441). Cell nuclei were visualized with 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI).
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8

Whole Mount and Tissue Section Imaging

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For whole mount images, mouse embryos were dissected and cerebella were washed thoroughly in 1 x PBS and photographed with a Zeiss Stemi 2000-C dissecting microscope. For tissue sections, mouse embryos or dissected tissues were fixed in fresh 4% (w/v) para-formaldehyde and embedded in paraffin wax. Thin sections (4μm) were cut onto “Superfrost Plus” slides (VWR International Ltd.) and deparaffinised and rehydrated by standard methods. Sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin (BDH Chemicals Ltd.) for 2 min, then dehydrated in ethanol, cleared in xylene and mounted in DPX. For immunohistochemistry, epitope recovery was obtained by boiling in 1 mM EDTA pH8.0 for 2 min using a pressure cooker, followed by 30 min cooling. Blocking and application of primary antibodies was as described28 (link),32 (link). Appropriate HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies (Dako Inc.) were used (final dilutions of x10000-25000). Sections were developed in “Sigma Fast” 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB) with CoCl2 enhancer and counterstained with Mayer’s haematoxylin (Sigma-Aldrich Co. Ltd.).
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9

Cryogenic Scaffold Sectioning Protocol

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Cell-seeded composite scaffolds were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde
for 45 minutes at room temperature followed by washing 3x in PBS for 5
minutes each. The scaffolds were soaked overnight in 30% w/v sucrose
solution, then soaked overnight in a 30% v/v solution of Optimal Cutting
Temperature (OCT; Tissue-Tek, Sakura Finetek, Torrance, CA) medium in 30%
w/v sucrose. Finally, the scaffolds were soaked overnight in pure OCT,
mounted in Cryo-Gel (Electron Microscopy Sciences, Hatfield, PA) in 10 mm
× 10 mm plastic cryomolds (Tissue-Tek), and frozen in liquid
nitrogen. Scaffolds were sectioned at −20° C in a Leica
CM1850UV cryostat (Leica Microsystems, Buffalo Grove, IL) at either 30
μm thick (for histological staining) and 60 μm thick (for
immunofluorescent / confocal imaging). Sections were mounted on
electrostatically charged glass slides (Superfrost Plus, VWR, Radnor, PA)
and heated on a slide warmer at 50° C for 30 minutes. Cryo-Gel was
dissolved from the sections by soaking slides in diH20 for 20
minutes.
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10

Isolating Circulating Tumor Cells

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A known number of stained cancer cells (1000 cells, measured with the Cellometer System (Nexcelom, Bioscience, USA) was spiked into vials filled with 500 μL RPMI. Subsequently, different quantities (0.5, 5.0, 25 or 50 μL) of anti-EpCAM or anti-CD45 PMPs were added to these samples. Next, these cell suspensions were admixed on a shaker at 4 °C for 30 min, while gently twisting and shaking to allow binding.
After 30 min, the prepared cell solution was placed in the input well, and the magnet was placed under this well. With slow advancement of the magnet under the channel toward the output well, bound cells of interest traversed the immiscible oil channel and entered the output well. The syringe was then used to extract the washing solution by passing it through the filter. Once these processes were complete, the filter was removed and handled over on a glass slide (VWR Superfrost Plus, USA), and Diamond anti-fade mounting media containing DAPI (Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY) was used to coverslip the slides.
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