nitrate (AgNO3), calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl2·2H2O), sodium nitrate (NaNO3), potassium
chloride
(KCl), manganese chloride (MnCl2), copper II chloride dihydrate
(CuCl2·2H2O), magnesium chloride anhydrous
(MgCl2), aluminum chloride (AlCl3), iron III
chloride (FeCl3), dysprosium III chloride hexahydrate (DyCl3·6H2O), sodium citrate tribasic tetrahydrate
(HOC(COONa) (CH2COONa)2·4H2O),
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), terbium III chloride
hexahydrate (TbCl3·6H2O), ytterbium III
chloride hexahydrate (YbCl3·6H2O), holmium
III chloride hexahydrate (HoCl3 ·6H2O),
lead chloride (PbCl2), sodium carbonate anhydrous (Na2CO3), sodium phosphate (Na3PO4), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), sodium fluoride
(NaF), sodium acetate (CH3COONa), disodium tartrate, disodium
succinate, disodium malate, CTAB, polyethylene glycol 1500, and dodecanoic
acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Company (South Korea). Fumaric
acid, p-toluene sulfonic acid (PTSA), and 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic
acid were purchased from Merck (Germany). All solvents and chemicals
were used as received without purification. DI water filtered to 18
MΩ·cm was used in all experiments.