Male DBA/1 mice (Janvier, Le Genest-Saint-Isle, France) between 10 and 12 weeks of age (18–20 g) were used for all experiments. All the mice were housed in plastic cages (four per cage) with wood chips for bedding in a quiet room under controlled lighting (12 h day/night cycle) and temperature (22 ± 1 °C). Standard diet and water were provided ad libitum. All of the experiments were performed in accordance with European regulations for the handling and use of laboratory animals (Directive 2010/63/EU and Spanish R. D. 53/2013). The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (Comité de Etica de Experimentación Animal de la Universidad de Valencia, Spain) approved the protocols (number 2016/VSC/PEA/00053, 11 June 2016). All of the studies are reported in accordance with the ARRIVE guidelines for reporting experiments involving animals [53 (link)].
Dba 1 male mice
Manufactured by Janvier Labs
Sourced in France
DBA/1 male mice are an inbred strain of laboratory mice commonly used in research. They are a source of genetically identical individuals for scientific studies. The core function of DBA/1 male mice is to provide a standardized model organism for various research applications.
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5 protocols using dba 1 male mice
1
Male DBA/1 Mice Housing Protocol
2
Mice Housing and Handling for Experiments
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Male DBA/1 mice, 6–8 weeks old, were purchased from Janvier (Heverlee, Belgium). The mice were housed 10 animals per cage, had free access to standard laboratory chow and water ad libitum, and were maintained under a 12-hour light/dark cycle. Experiments were conducted according to institutional and governmental regulations for animal use and were approved. (Government of the Oberpfalz AZ 54–2532.1-42/11).
3
Experimental Animal Welfare in Mice
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DBA/1 male mice of 6–8 weeks of age were obtained from Janvier SAS, France. All experiments were performed in accordance with the corresponding regulations regarding experimental animal welfare (RD 223/1988 and Directive 2010/63/EU protocols) and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the University of Albacete, Spain.
4
Detailed Protocols for Infection Studies
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For CIA, 36 DBA/1 male mice (6 weeks old) were used, and for collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA), 24 C57Bl/6 male mice (6 weeks old) were used, all purchased from Janvier Laboratory (France). Mice were randomly assigned to treatment groups and randomly distributed to cages. Body weight was monitored weekly. L. monocytogenes (LM) infection experiments involved 40 C57Bl/6 female mice (8 weeks old, Janvier Laboratory) and 10 TNF-α−/− mice (TNF−/−) (14 (link)) backcrossed at least 8–10 times on a C57BL/6 genetic background, bred, and housed in the Transgenose Institute animal facility (CNRS UPS44, Orleans, France). M. tuberculosis (Mt) infection experiments involved 60 C57Bl/6 female mice (8 weeks old, Janvier Laboratory) and 7 TNF−/− mice. Mice were kept in isolators in a biohazard animal unit. Infected mice were monitored every day for clinical status and weighed twice weekly. Mice were randomly assigned to treatment groups and randomly distributed to cages (except for naïve uninfected mice).
5
Collagen-Induced Arthritis Model in Mice
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DBA/1 male mice, 8-week-old, were obtained from Janvier SAS, France.
Each mouse was injected subcutaneously in the tail with a first dose of an emulsion of Chicken Collagen Type II (1 mg/ml final concentration, Col II, Chondrex, Redmond, WA, USA) in Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) in a volume of 0.1 ml/animal. Twenty-one days after the first immunization with collagen II, a second injection was administered to each animal, again subcutaneously in the tail. In this occasion, the collagen suspension was made using Incomplete Freund’s Adjuvant (no M. tuberculosis). Clinical signs of arthritis were evaluated daily after the second immunization to determine clinical evidence of arthritis of the limb joints by macroscopic examination. The Arthritis Index Score was conducted until the end of the study. The severity of the arthritis was scored in both, front and hind, paws according to the following arthritis index scoring system: 0, no signs of arthritis; 1, swelling and/or reddening of the paw or 1 digit; 2, two groups of joints inflamed, swelling and/or reddening; 3, more than two groups of swelling and/or reddening joints; and 4, inflammation of the whole paw (38 (link)).
Paw edema was assessed daily as the volume of both, hind and front, paws by the use of a plethysmometer.
Each mouse was injected subcutaneously in the tail with a first dose of an emulsion of Chicken Collagen Type II (1 mg/ml final concentration, Col II, Chondrex, Redmond, WA, USA) in Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) in a volume of 0.1 ml/animal. Twenty-one days after the first immunization with collagen II, a second injection was administered to each animal, again subcutaneously in the tail. In this occasion, the collagen suspension was made using Incomplete Freund’s Adjuvant (no M. tuberculosis). Clinical signs of arthritis were evaluated daily after the second immunization to determine clinical evidence of arthritis of the limb joints by macroscopic examination. The Arthritis Index Score was conducted until the end of the study. The severity of the arthritis was scored in both, front and hind, paws according to the following arthritis index scoring system: 0, no signs of arthritis; 1, swelling and/or reddening of the paw or 1 digit; 2, two groups of joints inflamed, swelling and/or reddening; 3, more than two groups of swelling and/or reddening joints; and 4, inflammation of the whole paw (38 (link)).
Paw edema was assessed daily as the volume of both, hind and front, paws by the use of a plethysmometer.
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