Stadiometer model 213

Height was measured in triplicate using a calibrated portable Stadiometer model 213 (Seca, Germany) to the nearest 0.1cm without shoes and socks. The body weight was measured using a portable body composition analyser SC-330 (Tanita Corporation, Japan) to the nearest 0.1 kg with light clothing. Body composition measures, including lean mass (LM) and fat mass (FM), were determined using the same body composition analyser (developed for age range of 5–99 years) which uses bioelectrical impedance analysis that evaluates the resistance or impedance to signals as it travels through the water that is found in fat and muscle. The bioelectrical impedance analysis is a practical method to estimate fat content in children and adolescents and the provided estimated values were highly correlated to DXA [33 (link), 34 (link)]. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight (kg) divided by square of height (m²). Among female participants, they were asked whether menarche had occurred and if so, their menarche age in years was recorded [35 (link)].

Anthropometric measurements (heights and weights) were taken to assess the nutritional status of the women from whom DRs were taken. These measurements were carried out using standard protocols and equipments that included ‘Seca’ digital flat scale Model 813 for weight measurement and ‘Seca’ stadiometer Model 213 for height measurement.

A cross sectional design was used to investigate the influence of maximum isometric strength on CMJ and DJ force-time characteristics in adolescent male basketball players. On arrival, all subjects had their height (Stadiometer, Model 213, Seca, Birmingham, UK) and body mass assessed (Seca Digital Scales, Model 707, Seca, Birmingham, UK) while in bare feet, measured to the nearest 0.1 and 0.1 cm, respectively. Subjects were required to abstain from training for 48 h before testing and asked to maintain a consistent fluid and dietary intake on the day of testing as they would for normal skills training. Testing order was as follows: CMJ, DJ and IMTP. Before the start of testing, athletes performed a standardized warm-up of activation and mobilization exercises, including various bodyweight lunges and squats, followed by some low level plyometric drills, replicating the participant’s standardized warm-ups before training. Furthermore, standardized progressive warm-ups were applied before all tests to control potential variables and improve the reliability of all tests.

Height, weight and waist circumference of children are measured using a standardized protocol [76 ]. Two measures of height (SECA Stadiometer – Model 213) to the nearest 0.1 cm, weight (SECA Scale – Model 761) to the nearest 0.2 kg, and waist circumference to the nearest 0.1 cm are obtained for each participant. If discrepancies greater than 0.5 cm for height and waist circumference or 0.2 kg for weight are observed between the two measures, a third measure is obtained. The average of the two closest measures is recorded. Body mass index (BMI), calculated using the ratio of weight (kg) and squared height (m²) will be used to determine if children are overweight or obese by following the International Obesity Task Force age-adjusted thresholds as recommended [77 (link)].

Child home height was measured by their caregiver using an existing tape measure in the home (models not noted) or using a tape measure provided by the research team (AmazonBasics Heavy Duty Tape Measure, 16 ft). Child home height was measured at home prior to the school measurement session, within 72 hours; if caregivers experienced difficulty following the instructions in Fig. 1, they were instructed to contact study staff. Child school height was measured on a SECA stadiometer, Model 213 (SECA, Hamburg, Germany). During height measurements, participants were instructed to remove shoes, stand against the wall and look straight ahead, following the detailed procedures outlined in Fig. 1. Height was taken in triplicate and recorded to the nearest 0.1 cm; mean of the three measures was used in analyses. Caregiver height was measured at the baseline period by trained school staff.

Anthropometric measurements, including body weight and height were measured by trained research assistants. The measurements were taken with the children wearing light clothing and not wearing shoes. Height was measured to the nearest 0.1 cm, with a portable SECA stadiometer Model 213 (SECA, Hamburg, Germany). Body weight was taken to the nearest 0.1 kg using a SECA digital weighing scale Model 803 (SECA, Hamburg, Germany). Measurements were taken twice and the mean was calculated. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated by dividing the measured weight (kg) by the square of height (m²).
Anthropometric status was classified according to the age- and sex-specific WHO [30 ] growth reference using the WHO AnthroPlus 1.0.3 (World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland). The cut off values for thinness was BAZ < -2SD, while overweight and obesity were > 1SD and > 2SD, respectively. Severe obesity was defined as BAZ > 3SD. The cut off value for stunting was HAZ < -2SD [30 ].