SPSS windows version 21.0 was used for data analysis. Anthropometry indices were computed using the calculator mode of anthropometry calculating software program Epi Info version 6. Wasting, stunting and underweight were defined as Z score values of less than -2SD (Standard Deviation). Descriptive and inferential statistical tests were performed. The significance of the differences in frequency distribution was tested by using chi-square analyses. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Spss windows version 21
Manufactured by IBM
Sourced in United States
SPSS Windows Version 21 is a statistical software package developed by IBM. It provides tools for data analysis, data management, and data visualization. The software is designed to handle a wide range of data types and offers a user-friendly interface for conducting statistical analysis.
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Lab products found in correlation
21 protocols using spss windows version 21
1
Anthropometric Assessment and Statistical Analysis
2
Factors Affecting Severe Chronic Pain
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All of the patient information was anonymized before analysis. We used numeric rating scale to classify pain levels into mild (1–3), moderate (4–6), and severe (7–10). We used the chi-square test to analyze the variability of the patient’s demographic data and care-related pain with severity ≥ 4 and duration ≥ 4 hours. In addition, we used logistic regression to determine the factors related to pain and analyze trends in pain prevalence over the three years. An alpha level of p <0.05 was considered statistically significant. All analyses were performed using SPSS Windows version 21.0.
3
Factors Influencing Postoperative Pain Severity
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Patient information was anonymized and de-identified prior to analysis. We defined the levels of pain using the NRS as mild (1–3), moderate (4–6), and severe (7–10). We listed the demographic data, including gender, age, weight, education, disease categories, and surgical history. We used the Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression to identify the factors related to pain, including severe pain, among all the patients. We also identified the factors related to moderate to severe pain, and pain lasting longer than 4 hours amongst those patients experiencing pain. The factors surrounding care-related pain were listed from the top frequency, and analyzed the factors related to severe pain and pain lasting longer than 4 hours. Statistical significance was assumed for an alpha level of p < 0.05. All the analysis was performed using SPSS Windows Version 21.0.
4
Quantitative Analysis of ACP Intervention
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All quantitative analysis was performed through SPSS Windows Version 21.0 [37 ]. Prior to formal analysis, descriptive statistics and graphical displays were used to identify missing values and to examine the data distribution. Descriptive statistics were also used to summarise characteristics relevant to participant flow, compliance with assessments and questionnaires, pre-baseline participant characteristics (patients and caregivers) and responses to study measures.
For the Euroqual-5D (EQ-5D-3L) [38 ] and Pre-post ACP Intervention Questionnaire (PPAIQ), paired-samples t-tests were used to calculate estimates of change at T4 from T1 with 95% confidence intervals. Analysis of the Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS) [39 ] was carried out by fitting a linear mixed model to all available data. A reference cell model was used to estimate mean changes from T2 at follow-up assessment with 95% confidence intervals [40 ]. The mixed model was estimated by maximum likelihood and an unstructured covariance type was used to model the covariance structure among repeated measures. Effect size (ES) estimates were calculated to characterise the size of before and after changes [41 (link)]; these were interpreted as per Cohen’s d (0.2, small; 0.5, medium; and 0.8, large change) [42 ].
For the Euroqual-5D (EQ-5D-3L) [38 ] and Pre-post ACP Intervention Questionnaire (PPAIQ), paired-samples t-tests were used to calculate estimates of change at T4 from T1 with 95% confidence intervals. Analysis of the Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS) [39 ] was carried out by fitting a linear mixed model to all available data. A reference cell model was used to estimate mean changes from T2 at follow-up assessment with 95% confidence intervals [40 ]. The mixed model was estimated by maximum likelihood and an unstructured covariance type was used to model the covariance structure among repeated measures. Effect size (ES) estimates were calculated to characterise the size of before and after changes [41 (link)]; these were interpreted as per Cohen’s d (0.2, small; 0.5, medium; and 0.8, large change) [42 ].
5
Mediators of Mindfulness and Memory Problems
6
Cardiac Characteristics in Diabetes and Hypertension
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Baseline characteristics, laboratory analysis and echocardiographic data were stratified by the presence of T2DM, HTN or both. Descriptive data is presented as the mean ± standard deviation for normally distributed variables and as median [25–75th percentile] for non-normally distributed variables. Categorical variables are expressed as absolute numbers with percentages and were compared by the χ2-test, while continuous variables were compared using univariate one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance, as appropriate. Multivariable logistic regression model including all significantly different baseline characteristics and echocardiographic parameters was used to determine the independent association with T2DM. Linear regression models and Pearson’s correlation were used to assess the correlations between LVMI and other parameters. Two-sided P-values < 0.05 were considered significant. Analyses were performed using SPSS Windows version 21.0.
7
Corneal Topography and Biomechanics Analysis
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All analyses were performed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software (SPSS, Windows version 21.0; SPSS Inc.; Chicago, IL, USA). A P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Topographic findings (K1, K2, Kavg, AKfront, AKback, SIfront, SIback, Cyl, CTP, and CV), BCVA and UCVA were compared using the paired Student-t test. Corneal biomechanical properties were compared using repeated-measures ANOVA with post hoc Tukey test. The correlations between CCT at 12 months, and each perioperative variable were evaluated using the Pearson correlation coefficient.
8
Quantification of Root Periodontal Ligament
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Summary statistics (means ± SD) and frequency distributions were computed for the demographic parameters of age and gender, and for extraction indication and tooth type. The total periodontal ligament area was calculated by summation of the area over four root surfaces. Summation of the RPL from the four root surfaces determined the total RPL for each tooth. These measurements were used to calculate the fraction of RPL for each tooth. Normalised distributions were evaluated using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Differences between age groups were evaluated using an independent t-test. Differences between genders were examined using chi-square tests. Comparisons between RPLs were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney test. For all analyses, the tooth was the unit. The significance level was set at 5%. Data were analysed using SPSS (SPSS Windows, version 21.0, SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA).
9
Albino Wistar Rat Evaluation
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The results obtained were expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) of six replicates. The results were analyzed using SPSS Windows version 21.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL) and the means were compared between different groups. Student's t-test was used to assess statistical significant differences in various groups of the albino Wistar rats at P < 0.05.
10
Data Analysis and Visualization
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All experiments were repeated at least three times. The graphical representations of data were made using Origin Pro version 9.0 software to obtain a graph of data (Origin Lab, Northampton, MA, USA). The SPSS Windows version 21 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used for variance analysis. The data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA to calculate statistical significance, and Duncan’s new multiple range test was employed for comparison among treatment means.
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