The morphologies and elemental composition of various CNF-derived materials were investigated by the field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM, S-4800, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan) instrument, equipped with the energy-dispersive spectrometer add-on (EDS, EX-250, HORIBA Ltd., Kyoto, Japan). Molecular and chemical analysis of CNF-derived materials were conducted by a Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) instrument (Nicolet 10, Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA, USA). The crystallinities of materials were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD, D8 Adv., Bruker Co., Billerica, MA, USA) from 10° to 80° (2 theta). Detailed chemical states of materials were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, K-alpha, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA).
Nicolet 10
Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States
The Nicolet 10 is a compact and versatile Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer designed for routine analysis in laboratory settings. It offers a robust and reliable platform for infrared spectroscopy measurements, providing accurate and reproducible data.
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Lab products found in correlation
Sigma 300, by Zeiss (4 mentions)
D8 advance, by Bruker (3 mentions)
S 4800, by Hitachi (2 mentions)
K alpha, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Ex 250, by Horiba (1 mentions)
D8 adv, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Vega3, by TESCAN (1 mentions)
K alpha xps, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Tga 2 sf, by Mettler Toledo (1 mentions)
Quanta 650, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Ultima 4 x ray diffraction, by Rigaku (1 mentions)
K alpha x ray photoelectron spectrometer, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Su8010, by Hitachi (1 mentions)
Icap 7000, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Mini shaker, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Contraa 700, by Analytik Jena (1 mentions)
Jsm 6060lv, by JEOL (1 mentions)
10 protocols using nicolet 10
1
Comprehensive Characterization of CNF-Derived Materials
2
Comprehensive Characterization of Synthesized Nanoparticles
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An Inel Equinox 3000 X-ray diffractometer performed XRD for crystalline phase analysis. The FT-IR spectra were studied using NICOLET 10-Thermo Fisher Scientific (ATR). Further, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) tests were performed for the synthesized nanoparticles. Scanning SEM images of the electrodes were obtained using a VEGA3-TESCAN scanning electron microscope with Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Nitrogen sorption isotherms were measured at 77.3 K on an automatic N2 adsorption/desorption instrument (Quantachrome Autosorb Automated Gas Sorption System), where the samples were outgassed in the vacuum at 300 °C for 3 h before the adsorption/desorption experiment. The BET method and the BJH model were used to obtain specific surface areas and pore size distributions.
3
XPS and FTIR Analysis of Treated Bamboo
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The untreated controls (control), the hot oil alone treatments (HSO), the heat-cold absorption of mineral oil (HTO) and 0.8 CuN treatments were collected and milled to fine powder for X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The XPS experiment was conducted on Thermo Scientific K-Alpha XPS equipped with a monochromated Al Kα X-ray source (1486.6 eV), at a power of 12 kV and 6 mA.
FTIR spectra were recorded on a Thermo Scientific Nicolet 10 type instrument. The treated and untreated bamboo were crushed and dispersed in potassium bromide (KBr) at the ratio of 1 : 100, followed by compression under 16 MPa to obtain thin pellets. Spectra were recorded in the range of 4000–400 cm−1 at a resolution of 4 cm−1 and 32 scans.
FTIR spectra were recorded on a Thermo Scientific Nicolet 10 type instrument. The treated and untreated bamboo were crushed and dispersed in potassium bromide (KBr) at the ratio of 1 : 100, followed by compression under 16 MPa to obtain thin pellets. Spectra were recorded in the range of 4000–400 cm−1 at a resolution of 4 cm−1 and 32 scans.
4
FTIR Analysis of Purified IHFM
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Referring to the methods of Li et.al (Li et al., 2010 ). The potassium bromide (KBr) tablet pressing method was adopted. Approximately 1–2 mg of purified IHFM powder and 200 mg of pure KBr powder were added to the mold and pressed into transparent slices using an oil press, the sample was placed in an infrared spectrometer, Thermo Scientific Nicolet 10. The infrared absorption spectra were determined in the wave number range 4000–400 cm−1 at a scanning number of 32 and a resolution of 4 cm−1.
5
Multifunctional Enzymatic Preparation Protocol
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Balsa FG M03 (powder) was purchased from Jinan, Shandong, China, and TGase enzyme (7800 U/g), alkaline protease (500,000 U/g), neutral protease (200,000 U/g), keratinase (130,000 U/g), glucose oxidase (10,000 U/g), and food-grade enzyme preparations were obtained from Loncote Enzyme Preparation Co, Linyi, Shandong, China. Escherichia coli (BL21) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923) were deposited in the Industrial Microbial Strain Deposit and Management Center, Beijing, China.
Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) buffer was used for gelatin preparation. A test solution (Test Solution A) was created by dissolving 8.298 g of NaCl and 0.368 g of calcium chloride dihydrate in 1 L of deionized water. The ionic content of this solution was equivalent to that of human serum or traumatic exudates and was used for dispersion characterization experiments.
Equipment: Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer, model Nicolet10, Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA); thermo-gravimetric analyzer, model TGA 2 (SF), METTLER TOLEDO; X-ray diffractometer, model D8-ADVANCE, Bruker AXS; scanning electron microscope, model S-4800, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan; double single-side purification worktable, model SW-CJ-2FD, Suzhou Purification Equipment Co. (Suzhou, China).
Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) buffer was used for gelatin preparation. A test solution (Test Solution A) was created by dissolving 8.298 g of NaCl and 0.368 g of calcium chloride dihydrate in 1 L of deionized water. The ionic content of this solution was equivalent to that of human serum or traumatic exudates and was used for dispersion characterization experiments.
Equipment: Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer, model Nicolet10, Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA); thermo-gravimetric analyzer, model TGA 2 (SF), METTLER TOLEDO; X-ray diffractometer, model D8-ADVANCE, Bruker AXS; scanning electron microscope, model S-4800, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan; double single-side purification worktable, model SW-CJ-2FD, Suzhou Purification Equipment Co. (Suzhou, China).
6
Comprehensive Physicochemical Characterization of Composites
7
Comprehensive Characterization of Additive Manufacturing
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The morphology and composition of AM were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Morphological and elemental analysis was carried out using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM, SU-8010; Hitachi, Kotyo, Japan) at an accelerating voltage of 3 kV. Prior to characterization, the samples were added directly on top of conductive tapes and sputter-coated with gold for 60 s. The energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) system was used for calculating the Ca/P ratio. The phase composition of the mineral coating was identified with X-ray diffractometer (XRD, D8 Advance; Bruke, Germany) with CuKα radiation. The composition of the AMs and MAMs was analyzed via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR, Nicolet 10; Thermo scientific, USA). For each measurement, 128 scans were obtained with a resolution of 4 cm-1, with wavelengths ranged from 400 to 4000 cm-1.
8
Multimodal Characterization of Antimony-Containing Adsorbent
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In this experiment, an inductively coupled plasma spectrometer (Thermo Scientific ICAP 7000) was used to measure the concentration of antimony in the solution at 206.83 nm. An automatic specific surface area and porosity analyser (Micromeritics ASAP 2020 HD88; Quantachrome Autosorb-iQ) was used, the adsorbate was N2, the adsorption temperature was 200 °C, and the degassing treatment was heated for 4 hours to obtain the N2 adsorption isotherm of the sample. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method was used to calculate the specific surface area based on the adsorption isotherm. The pore size and pore volume were obtained by using the Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) model. A scanning electron microscope (Zeiss Sigma 300) was used to observe the surface morphology of the sample. An X-ray diffractometer (Bruker D8 Advance) was used to analyse the structure of the samples, and the scanning speed was 5° min−1. The surface functional groups of the adsorbents were determined by FTIR spectroscopy (Thermo Scientific Nicolet 10). A vibrating sample magnetometer (LakeShore7404) was used to measure the magnetic properties of the sample under the condition that the sample was vibrated perpendicular to the uniform magnetization field at room temperature, and the magnetic field was within ±3 T.
9
Synthesis and Characterization of Mineral-Coated Microparticles
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Mineral coated microparticle (MCM) was prepared based on a prior study [25 (link)]. β-TCP granules (particle size: 3–6 μm) were incubated in modified simulated body fluids (mSBF) for 7 days to prepare MCMs. The mSBF was obtained after adding the below reagents to distilled water heated to 37℃ in a certain sequence: 141 mM NaCl, 4.0 mM KCl, 0.5 mM MgSO4, 1.0 mM MgCl2, 4.2 mM NaHCO3, 20.0 mM HEPES, 5.0 mM CaCl2, and 2.0 mM KH2PO4. Subsequently, each 1 g of β-TCP granule was incubated in 500 mL of mSBF to create the mineral coating. The mSBF was renewed every day throughout the process to maintain a constant ion concentration for the growth of the mineral coating. The MCMs were flushed and lyophilized after incubation. The morphology of β-TCP and MCM was characterized by FE-SEM (Zeiss Sigma 300, Germany). The composition of the MCM was analyzed via EDX using the same SEM instrument. The phase composition of the MCM was determined by FTIR (Nicolet 10, Thermo Scientific, USA) and XRD (Bruker D8 Advance, Germany).
10
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for Pb and Cd
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All experiments were carried out using an Analytik Jena ContrAA 700 high-resolution continuum-source atomic absorption spectrometer equipped with a flame atomizer and a 300 W Xenon short-arc lamp (XBO 301, GLE, Berlin, Germany), operating in a hot-spot mode, as a continuum radiation source. The equipment included a compact high-resolution double echelle monochromator and a CCD array detector with a resolution of approximately 1 to 5 pm per pixel between 200 and 800 nm. Atomic absorption measurements for lead and cadmium were performed at 217.005 nm for Pb and 228.801 nm for Cd. For separation and shaking purposes, a MRC Scientific Instruments Centrifuge (Newyork, USA) and a VWR Mini Shaker (Radnor, USA) were used, respectively. High-purity water (resistivity 18.2 MΩ•cm) produced by TKA reverse osmosis, and a TKA deionizer system (TKA Wasseraufbereitung systeme GmbH, Niederelbert, Germany) were used. For FT-IR analysis a Nicolet 10 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA USA) was used. The morphology of the synthesized sorbent was visualized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM, Jeol JSM 6060 LV, USA).
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