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17 protocols using ssiii

1

RNA Extraction and cDNA Synthesis Protocol

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For RNA extraction, cells were resuspended in TRIzol LS (Thermo Fisher, 10296010) and extracted using chloroform. The aqueous phase was then precipitated in isopropanol, pelleted, and resuspended in H2O. For cDNA synthesis 0.5 µg total RNA was mixed with 0.5 µg of random hexamer primers (N6) and denatured at 72 °C for 5 min. Subsequently, a reaction mixture containing 1x SSIII RT buffer, 1 mM dNTPs, 5 mM DTT, and 0.5 µl SSIII (Invitrogen, 18080093) was added to reach a total volume of 20 µl. The RT reaction was performed at 55 °C for 1 h and inactivated for 10 min at 70 °C. The qPCR was performed in a final concentration of 1x iTaq Universal SYBR Green Supermix (Biorad, 1725121), 0.4 µM primer each, and 1 µl of the cDNA in a total volume of 10 µl.
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2

Comprehensive RNA Extraction and qPCR Analysis

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For RNA extraction, cells were resuspended in TRIzol LS (Thermo Fisher, 10296010) and extracted using chloroform. The aqueous phase was then precipitated in isopropanol, pelleted, and resuspended in H2O. For cDNA synthesis 0.5 µg total RNA was mixed with 0.5 µg of random hexamer primers (N6) and denatured at 72 °C for 5 min. Subsequently, a reaction mixture containing 1x SSIII RT buffer, 1 mM dNTPs, 5 mM DTT, and 0.5 µl SSIII (Invitrogen, 18080093) was added to reach a total volume of 20 µl. The RT reaction was performed at 55°C for one hour and inactivated for 10 min at 70 °C. The qPCR was performed in a final concentration of 1x iTaq Universal SYBR Green Supermix (Biorad, 1725121), 0.4 µM primer each, and 1 µl of the cDNA in a total volume of 10 µl.
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3

In Situ Hybridization Probe Templates for Zebrafish

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All in situ hybridization probe templates were amplified using Primestar-GXL (Takara) from cDNA prepared with SSIII (ThermoFisher) with the following primers: ambn 5′-TGATGATCGTGTGCTTTCTTGCTG, 5′-aaaaTAATACGACTCACTATAGCATTTTGCCCCTGTTGTGGTCTTG; itga5 5′-AGGAAGGAAGTGTACATGGGTGA, 5′-aaaaTAATACGACTCACTATAGgatccagttttgtcccagatgac; itgb3b 5′-TGGACCTGTCCTACTCCATGAAT, 5′-aaaaTAATACGACTCACTATAGacactgtctttttagcgctgtcc; col10a1a 5′-gaacccaagtatgccgatttgacc, 5′-aaaaTAATACGACTCACTATAGtgttttgatgtgatgtggatgggt; col10a1b 5′-gcttagcttcagaaaATGGACCTCA, 5′-aaaaTAATACGACTCACTATAGTGGTTGTCCCTTTTCACCTGGATA; tcf7 5′-CCAACAAGGTGTCGGTGGT, 5′-aaaaTAATACGACTCACTATAGACCAGTCCGTCTGttggttcag; jag1a 5′-CCCTTGACCAAACAAATGACAA, 5′-aaaaTAATACGACTCACTATAGGCTGTGTTTTCTTCAGGTGTGG. chad 5′-AGACCAAACATCCAGACAGCAA, 5′-aaaaTAATACGACTCACTATAGGCAATTGCATCATCCTTCACAT. In situ hybridization probes and tissue were prepared as described previously (Quigley et al., 2004 (link)), with hybridization and post-hybridization washes performed on a BioLane HTI 16 Vx platform (Intavis Bioanalytical Instruments) and post-staining vibratome sectioning in some cases as described (Aman et al., 2018 (link)).
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4

In Situ Hybridization Probe Templates for Zebrafish

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All in situ hybridization probe templates were amplified using Primestar-GXL (Takara) from cDNA prepared with SSIII (ThermoFisher) with the following primers: ambn 5′-TGATGATCGTGTGCTTTCTTGCTG, 5′-aaaaTAATACGACTCACTATAGCATTTTGCCCCTGTTGTGGTCTTG; itga5 5′-AGGAAGGAAGTGTACATGGGTGA, 5′-aaaaTAATACGACTCACTATAGgatccagttttgtcccagatgac; itgb3b 5′-TGGACCTGTCCTACTCCATGAAT, 5′-aaaaTAATACGACTCACTATAGacactgtctttttagcgctgtcc; col10a1a 5′-gaacccaagtatgccgatttgacc, 5′-aaaaTAATACGACTCACTATAGtgttttgatgtgatgtggatgggt; col10a1b 5′-gcttagcttcagaaaATGGACCTCA, 5′-aaaaTAATACGACTCACTATAGTGGTTGTCCCTTTTCACCTGGATA; tcf7 5′-CCAACAAGGTGTCGGTGGT, 5′-aaaaTAATACGACTCACTATAGACCAGTCCGTCTGttggttcag; jag1a 5′-CCCTTGACCAAACAAATGACAA, 5′-aaaaTAATACGACTCACTATAGGCTGTGTTTTCTTCAGGTGTGG. chad 5′-AGACCAAACATCCAGACAGCAA, 5′-aaaaTAATACGACTCACTATAGGCAATTGCATCATCCTTCACAT. In situ hybridization probes and tissue were prepared as described previously (Quigley et al., 2004 (link)), with hybridization and post-hybridization washes performed on a BioLane HTI 16 Vx platform (Intavis Bioanalytical Instruments) and post-staining vibratome sectioning in some cases as described (Aman et al., 2018 (link)).
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5

qRT-PCR Analysis of Differentiation Cultures

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RNA was extracted from differentiation cultures with the RNeasy Micro Kit (QIAGEN) according to the manufacturer’s specifications. The extracted RNA was transcribed into cDNA using random hexamers, dinucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs), 5× first strand buffer, DTT, RNaseOUT, and SSIII (Thermo Scientific). The qRT-PCR analysis was carried out with SYBR green (Sigma) detection using Platinum Taq polymerase, SYBR green, and Rox reference dye, dNTPs (all from Thermo Scientific), and primers (Sigma) (for primer sequences, see Table S1) on an ABI 7900HT Fast Real Time PCR cycler (Thermo Scientific). Reaction efficiency was calculated for each primer pair with serial dilutions of cDNA template, and melting curve analysis was performed at the end of each reaction for detection of unspecific product amplification. Relative quantification of transcript levels were calculated using ΔCT values normalized to β-ACTIN, and the fold change of gene expression was calculated relative to day 0 of differentiation.
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6

Probe Design for In-Situ Hybridization

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All in-situ probe templates were amplified using Primestar-GXL (Takara) from cDNA prepared with SSIII (ThermoFisher) with the following primers: slc16a10 5’-tctgtctgatcatcacgctcct, 5’-tctgtctgatcatcacgctcct; slco1c1 5’-AACACACTCGTTTTGGACCACA-3’, 5’-GTTGCCTATTTCAAAGCTGCCG-3’; thraa 5’-TTTCGCGTTGTTTTGGAAGCAG, 5’-CAGCGGTAATGATAGCCAGTGG-3’; thrab 5’-CTCACATGATTGGCTGCTGGAT-3’, 5’-CAGCGGTAATGATAGCCAGTGG-3’; thrb 5’-AGCACGAGATATCAGCGAGTCT-3’, 5’-TTGAAGCGACATTCTTGGCACT-3’; rxrab 5’-GAAGATTCTGGAGGCCGAACTG-3’, 5’-CTCGTTCCCTTAATGCCTCCAC-3’; rxrba 5’-AGACCGCAGTGTATCATCAGGA-3’, 5’-TTCCTCACAGTGCGCTTGAAAA-3’; rxrbb 5’-TCGGCGTTTGTTGGAAGATAATCA-3’, 5’-GTCCCCACAAATTGCACACATG-3’; rxrga 5’-CTCTATGCCCACCACTTCCAAC-3’; 5’CCACCGGCATCTCTTCATTGAA-3’; rxrgb 5’-CTCTCAGTTCGCCCTCCATTTC-3’, 5’-TGTGTACGTCTCAGTCTTGGGT-3’. A T7 RNA polymerase binding site with short 5’-tail (aaaaTAATACGACTCACTATAG ) was added to reverse primers for transcription using T7 RNA polymerase incorporating DIG labelled ribonucleotides (NEB, Roche). PCR amplified probe templates were confirmed by sanger sequencing.
In-situ probes and tissue were prepared as described previously (Quigley et al., 2004 (link)). Hybridization and post-hybridization washes using a BioLane HTI 16Vx (Intavis Bioanalytical Instruments) were performed as previously described (Aman et al., 2018 ).
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7

Molecular Cloning and Transgenesis Techniques

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All coding sequences and in-situ probe templates were amplified using Primestar-GXL (Takara) from cDNA prepared with SSIII (ThermoFisher) and cloned into pJet1.2/blunt (ThermoFisher) with the following primers: lef1 5’tgtagggtgaggaggactttca, 5’cctgtagctgctgtctttgctt; axin2 5’agggataatattaagcgtcagcag, 5’ggcccttttgaagaagtatctgta; eda 5’agaggacgaggaagttcggtat; 5’gtgcatgtgttcaggtttggta; edar 5’ttacggcactaaagacgatgatta; 5’ggattagtgcagttctgtgttcc; fgfr1a 5’tcagaaagtgctgatgtcctagtc, 5’cataagtctgcacacacacacact, fgfr2 5’aattcgctgtctgctctttttct, 5’gtctcagtgtttttgagaactgga; shha 5’acaacgagaaaccctgctagac; 5’gtctctctctcactctcgctctct; hhip 5’tcagcagtcctgtttatttctgag, 5’gtaacattgccaaatggtgaagag. hsp70l:eda-2A-nls-mCherry abbreviated Eda-2A-mCherry, and hsp70l:edar-2A-nls-mCherry abbreviated Eda-2A-mCherry, were made using the tol2 Gateway Kit (Kwan et al., 2007 (link)), and injected together with tol2 mRNA (Kawakami, 2004 (link)).
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8

Quantifying Circular RNA Expression

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Mouse or rat brain DNase1-treated total RNA (1ug) was incubated 15 min at 37 °C with or without 3 U/μg of RNaseR (Epicentre Bio-technologies). RNA was subsequently purified by phenol-chloroform extraction. Reverse transcription (RT) was performed using random hexamers and reverse transcriptase (SSIII, Invitrogen). Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was done using SYBR green master mix (Roche). For circRNA transcripts, one primer was designed to anneal at the circular junction whereas the other was within the circRNA transcript. For linear transcripts, both primers were designed to amplify the sequence that is not part of any circRNA derived from the same gene locus. All qPCR primers are listed in Supplementary Table S3.
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9

Quantifying Circular RNA Expression

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Mouse or rat brain DNase1-treated total RNA (1ug) was incubated 15 min at 37 °C with or without 3 U/μg of RNaseR (Epicentre Bio-technologies). RNA was subsequently purified by phenol-chloroform extraction. Reverse transcription (RT) was performed using random hexamers and reverse transcriptase (SSIII, Invitrogen). Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was done using SYBR green master mix (Roche). For circRNA transcripts, one primer was designed to anneal at the circular junction whereas the other was within the circRNA transcript. For linear transcripts, both primers were designed to amplify the sequence that is not part of any circRNA derived from the same gene locus. All qPCR primers are listed in Supplementary Table S3.
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10

Reverse Transcription and qPCR Protocol

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cDNA was synthesized by reverse transcription of 10 μg of total RNA using SSIII (Invitrogen) following the manufacturer’s protocol. Resulting cDNA was diluted 1:20 and used for gene expression analysis via qPCR. qPCRs were set up using SYBR green master mix (Applied Biosystems). qPCRs were run on the Applied Biosystems StepOnePlus RT-qPCR system using standard reaction parameters. Primers used for qPCR are listed in Table S2. All qPCR products were confirmed via sequencing. Samples with no template or with RNA that was not converted to cDNA did not yield products.
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