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17 protocols using mab406

1

Isolation and Stimulation of Primary Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages

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Primary bone marrow derived macrophage (BMDM) was prepared by flushing the bone marrow of the tibia and femur of 6–8 week old C57BL/6J mice. The cells were grown in DMEM supplemented with 15% L929-conditioned media, 10% FBS and 1% penicillin/streptomycin for 7 days. BMDM were stimulated 250 µM palmitate conjugated with BSA or BSA as a control for 24 hours, or TNFα (10 ng/ml, 410-MT-010; R&D systems), IL-6 (40 ng/ml, 406-ML-005; R&D systems) and IL-4 (10 ng/ml, 404-ML-010; R&D systems) for 24 h. In some assays, differentiated BMDM were treated with conditioned media from 3T3-L1 adipocytes differentiated as described58 (link) and treated with 250 µM palmitate conjugated with BSA or BSA for 24 hours. In certain experiments, anti-TNFα (0.4 µg/ml, AF-410-NA; R&D systems) or anti-IL-6 (0.025 µg/ml, MAB406; R&D systems) blocking antibody or the same concentrations of IgG control (Normal Goat IgG: AB-108-C, Rat IgG1: MAB005; R&D systems) was added to conditioned media. Peritoneal macrophages were isolated as described33 (link). Mice were injected intraperitoneally with 1 ml of 3% (wt/vol) thioglycolate to elicit sterile peritonitis with macrophage numbers peaking on day 4. Cells were collected by lavage and used for migration assays.
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2

Mouse Insulin Signaling Pathway Assay

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Mouse TNF-α and fluorescent protease assay kits were obtained from Life Technologies (Grand Island, NY, USA). Antibodies against mouse insulin receptor-α (ab-78424), mouse insulin receptor-β (ab-80527), cluster of differentiation molecule 11b (CD11b) (ab-75476), and F4/80 (ab-6640) were obtained from Abcam Inc. (Cambridge, UK). Antibodies against mouse PDK1 (#3062), phospo-PDK1 (#3438), Akt (#9272), phospho-Akt (#9271), GSK3β (#9315), and phospho-GSK3β (#9336) were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). Antibodies against mouse interleukin (IL)-6 (MAB-406) and IL-10 (AF-519) and all proteins were detected using horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibodies (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN). Antibodies against mouse actin (sc-47778) and all proteins were detected using HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Unless otherwise specified, all other chemicals and reagents were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
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3

Th17 Differentiation from CD4+CD25- T Cells

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CD4+CD25 T cells were isolated from spleens of 6-month-old mice as described previously (25 (link)). Cells were purified using a MACS magnetic column (Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany) with a CD4+ T cell enrichment kit (11-0041-82; eBioscience; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.). The cells were then stimulated with a plate-bound anti-CD3e antibody (5 µg/ml; 11-0038-42, eBioscience; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) and anti-CD28 antibody (2 µg/ml; 16-0281-82, eBioscience; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.). For Th17-cell polarization, the following exogenous cytokines and antibodies were added: Transforming growth factor-β (5 ng/ml, R&D Systems); anti-IL-4 antibody (46-7041-82; 10 µg/ml; eBioscience; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.); IL-6 (MAB406; 30 ng/ml; R&D Systems); anti-IFN-γ antibody (MAB485; 10 µg/ml; eBioscience; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) and IL-1β (AF-401-NA; 20 ng/ml; R&D Systems). After 5 days of culture, the proportion of Th17 cells among all cells was determined by flow cytometry.
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4

Immunofluorescent Detection of IL-6 in Osteoblasts

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Primary cultured osteoblasts grown on cover slips were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS for 30 min. After washing with 50 mM ammonium chloride, cells were permeabilized with 0.1% saponine in PBS for 10 min and blocked in PBS containing 0.1% saponine and 3% bovine serum albumin for 30 min. Subsequently, cells were incubated with rabbit anti-IL-6 antibody (MAB406; R&D Systems) for 2 h. After washing with 0.1% saponine in PBS, cells were incubated with corresponding secondary antibodies conjugated to Alexa Fluor 488 (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) for 1 h and embedded in Aqua-Poly/Mount. Fluorescence was detected and images were obtained using an Olympus digital scanning confocal microscope (FluoView F1000) and Adobe Photoshop and Image J software.
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5

Intrathecal Anti-IL6 Antibody Injections

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Intrathecal injections were performed for 3 consecutive days (days 7 to 9) after intra-articular injection of CFA in a subset of P21 animals. Recombinant rat anti-IL6 antibody (MAB406, R&D Systems) was reconstituted in sterile saline and diluted to the following concentrations: 3 ng/10 µL, 10 ng/10 µL and 30 ng/10 µL. Under brief isoflurane anaesthesia (3%), a 1 mL insulin syringe was inserted between the L5 and L6 spinal vertebrae and 10 µL of the desired concentration of anti-IL6 was administered. Control animals received intrathecal injections of sterile saline (10 µL). Intrathecal injections were given near the end of the light cycle of animals, after the completion of sensory behaviour tests.
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6

Effect of Anti-IL-6 Antibody on Tooth Movement

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After induction of tooth movement, SR-A+/+ and SR-A-/- mice were randomized into two groups and received an intraperitoneal injection of monoclonal rat anti-mouse IL-6 antibody (1mg/kg, R&D Systems, MAB406) at day 2, 4 and 6. In the control group, mice received an injection of nonspecific rat IgG (R&D Systems, 6-001-A) at the same dose.
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7

Cytokine Profiling in Murine Inflammation

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Monoclonal anti mouse STAT3 antibody(MAB1799), neutralizing rat anti-IL-6 mAb (MAB406), and isotype control immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) mAb (MAB005), mouse interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-a, KC, MCP-1, and IP10 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were purchased from R & D Systems (Minneapolis, MN); rabbit polyclonal anti-SOCS3 antibody (ab 16030) and anti-GAPDH were from AbCam (AbCam, Cambridge, MA); RPMI 1640 and L-glutamine were from Lonza BioWhittaker (Walkersville, Md); heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum, nonessential amino acids, and sodium pyruvate were from Hyclone Lab, Fisher Scientific (Logan, Utah); penicillin-streptomycin and 2-mercaptoethanol were from Gibco Life Technologies Corp (Grand Island, NY); concanavalin A (ConA) was from GE Healthcare Corp (Piscataway, NJ)
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8

Cytokine Modulation in HSV-1 Infection

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NPC and NPC/MG co-cultures were established on Matrigel matrix and infected with HSV-1 as described above. Following the addition of MG to the NPC cultures, anti-IL-6 antibody, anti-TNF-α antibody, or rat IgG1 isotype control (R&D systems, #MAB406, #MAB4101, and #MAB005 respectively) was added to the cultures at a final concentration of 6.0 μg/ml. At 2d pi, the media was replaced by fresh media containing neutralizing antibodies or isotype control IgG1. Sample media from 2d old cultures was used for measurement of cytokines, and cells were fixed at 4d and processed for immunocytochemical analysis.
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9

Cerebral Vessel Culture for Inflammatory Signaling

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For N‐formyl peptide culture, the cerebral vessels from young (2–3 months old) WT mice were dissected, harvested, and washed in PBS. Cerebral vessels from left and right hemisphere were kept separate from each mouse brain and were randomized for 30‐minute culture in PBS with either 10 μmol/L N‐formyl peptide (N‐Formyl‐Nle‐Leu‐Phe‐Nle‐Tyr‐Lys; Genscript catalog No. RP12959) or vehicle (PBS+1% dimethyl sulfoxide), similar to what was previously done.15 After 30‐minute culture, vessels were washed twice in PBS and immediately flash frozen for immunoblot analysis. For recombinant IL‐6 culture, the cerebral vessels from young (2–3 months old) mice were dissected, harvested, and washed in PBS. For recombinant IL‐6 culture, cerebral vessels were cultured in DMEM+10% fetal bovine serum with either 0 or 10 ng/mL of recombinant IL‐6 (PeproTech, catalog No. 216‐16) or vehicle for 2 hours. After 2 hours of IL‐6 culture, the tissue was washed 3× with PBS, flash frozen, and used for immunoblot analysis. For anti–IL‐6 culture, cerebral vessels were cultured in DMEM+10% fetal bovine serum with either 5 μg/mL anti–IL‐6 antibody or IgG control (R&D Systems, catalog No. MAB406, clone MP5‐20F3) for 2 hours. After 2‐hour culture, tissue was washed 3× with PBS and flash frozen for use immediately for respirometry studies.
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10

Blocking IL-6 Impacts Hepatic Metabolism and Sleep in Tumor-Bearing Mice

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Three different cohorts of mice were injected bilaterally with 1 × 105 67NR cells in DMEM or DMEM alone as previously. Tumor growth was monitored daily. In the first cohort, at 23 days post-injection, mice were given a single 0.1 mg intraperitoneal (IP) injection (in 200 μl sterile PBS) of a rat monoclonal antibody against mouse IL-6 (R&D Systems, MAB406), or the IgG1 isotype control (MAB005) (as in (Bonapace et al., 2014 (link)). Tissue was collected ~75 h later during the early active phase (ZT 16), and hepatic metabolic parameters were examined via qPCR. A second cohort of mice was used to examine the effects of a singular IL-6 mAb treatment on sleep in tumor-bearing mice. The final cohort was injected with the anti-IL-6 mAb or the control IgG1 isotype control starting prior to when metabolic and sleep abnormalities appeared, and then throughout tumor growth (days 15, 19, and 23). Tissue was then collected on day 26.
Dose effects for the hepatic response to anti-IL-6 mAb were assessed using a negative control group (no tumor + IgG 0.5 mg), a positive control group (tumor + IgG 0.5 mg), and 5 × escalating doses of the mAb in tumor bearing mice (0.02, 0.1, and 0.5 mg) on day 23 post-injection (tissue collected on day 26).
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