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8 protocols using cp 154526

1

Preparing CRF-R1 Antagonist Solution

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The CRF-R1 antagonist, CP-154,526, was purchased from Tocris Bioscience and dissolved in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) at a concentration of 10 μM. The concentration of CP-154,526 was chosen according to previous work from our group (Sotomayor-Zarate et al., 2015 (link)).
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2

Pharmacological Manipulation of CRF2 Signaling

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Sprague-Dawley rats were purchased from Harlan Laboratories. CRF2 homozygous KO mice (Stock number: 010842; Strain name: B6; 129-crhr2tm1jsp/J) and WT mice (from the same colony) were bought from Jackson Laboratories. This study was carried out in strict accordance with the recommendations in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the National Institutes of Health. The protocol was approved by the Committee on the Ethics of Animal Experiments of the University of North Dakota (0702-2). All efforts were made to minimize suffering. CRF was purchased from American Peptide Company (Sunnyvale, CA). The following reagents were products of TOCRIS (Ellisville, MO): K41498, astressin 2B, NBI 27914, CP 154526, MDL 12330A, SQ 22536, forskolin, 3,7-dihydro-1-methyl-3-(2-methylpropyl)-1H-purine-2,6-dione (IBMX), KT 5720, Rp-cAMPS. The other chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO).
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3

Establishing Alcohol Drinking Solution for Mice

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Alcohol for mouse drinking solution (20% v/v) was prepared using 95% ethyl alcohol (Pharmco Products Inc., Brookfield, CT) in tap water. DNQX, AP-5, CGP55845A, CRF peptide, and Astressin-2B were purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Ellisville, MO). SR-95531 (gabazine, GBZ; 100 μM) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. The CRF1 antagonist R121919 was supplied by Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc. (San Diego, CA). Stock solutions were prepared in ultra-pure water or DMSO (DNQX only), stored at 20°C, and diluted to final experimental concentration in aCSF on the day of testing. Doses for electrophysiology experiments were chosen based on their ex vivo effects in CeA neurons from prior reports (10 (link), 25 ). CP-154,526 was purchased from Tocris Bioscience and was selected for use in behavioral pharmacology experiments due to a robust literature describing its effects on alcohol drinking in mice (32 (link)–34 (link)).
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4

Multimodal Regulation of Neuronal Signaling

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Bisindolylmaleimide (BIS; PKC antagonist), PMA (PKC activator), forskolin (adenyly cyclase activator), and H89 [protein kinase A (PKA) antagonist] were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Co. CRF and CP 154526 were obtained from Tocris Biosciences. Di-4-ANEPPS stock solution was prepared in alcohol and cremophore-EL solution, which can be stored at 4°C for two months. FBS and ACSF were added on the day of the experiment. CRF stock was dissolved in HBSS and Milli-Q water mixture. forskolin, H89, BIS, antalarmin, and PMA stock solutions were prepared in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). All the stock solutions were made 1000 times more concentrated than working concentrations.
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5

CRF Receptor Antagonists and Cell Death

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Six-well plate cultures of either the C-20/A4 cell line or AC were treated for 8 h with individual or combination treatments of: the CRF-R1 specific antagonist CP-154526 (1–50 μM; Tocris), the CRF-R2 specific antagonist astressin 2B (1–50 μM; Tocris), the non-selective cation channel blocker Gd3+ (100 μM; Tocris), the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin (0.1 μM; Tocris), the PLC activator m3M3FBS (0.1 μM; Tocris), or the PLA2 inhibitor OBAA (0.1 μM; Tocris). Cells were then assayed for cell death or photographed using an Olympus IX73 phase contrast microscope and camera.
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6

Pharmacological Interventions in Animal Model

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CP154,526 and TCS1102 (Tocris Bioscience, Bristol, UK) were dissolved in 100% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO; Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) at doses of 0.6 μg/0.5 μl and 15 μg/0.5 μl, respectively. Control vehicle (VEH)-treated animals received 100% DMSO only.
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7

Neuroactive Substances Delivery Protocol

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Orexin-A (American Peptide) was diluted in 0.9% sodium chloride (Hospira) and injected in volumes of 0.5 μL. Cocaine (National Institute on Drug Abuse) was dissolved in 0.9% sodium chloride and administered at a dose of 0.25 mg/0.1 mL. Sweetened condensed milk (Nestle) was diluted 2:1 (vol./vol.) in water and delivered in volumes of 0.1 mL. Muscimol and baclofen (Tocris Bioscience) were dissolved in 0.9% sodium chloride at concentrations of 0.6 and 0.06 mM, respectively. Finally, CP154526 (Tocris Bioscience) was dissolved in 100% dimethylsulfoxide (Sigma Aldrich).
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8

Characterization of Pharmacological Compounds

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2-Bromo-α-ergocryptine methanesulfonate salt (BRM) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Aprepitant was obtained from Selleck. All the other compounds tested were purchased from Tocris Biosciences, including SCH 23390 hydrochloride, rotigotine hydrochloride, sumanirole maleate, B-HT 920, Ro 10-5824 dihydrochloride, YM 202074, cinnabarinic acid, MTP, ICI 118,551 hydrochloride, GS 6201, PSB 1115, SC 19220, CP 154526, L-733060, CP 96345, TAM, DOX, A 412997 dihydrochloride, AMN 082 dihydrochloride, SKF 97541, Rac BHFF, SEW 2871, purmorphamine, (R)-(−)-α-methylhistamine dihydrobromide, methimepip dihydrobromide, VU 0155041 sodium salt, antalarmin hydrochloride, NBI 35965 hydrochloride, BQ 788 sodium salt, BAY36-7620, 3-MATIDA, MPEP hydrochloride, MRS 1754, SC 51322, SC 19220, and JTE 013.
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