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5 protocols using 1 2 dipalmitoyl rac glycero 3 phosphocholine

1

Lipid Quantification and Characterization

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Solvents and chemical reagents used were of reagent grade and purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). The following solvents were employed: ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform, methanol, hexane, and toluene. The following reagents were used: ammonium molybdate, cupric acetate, pyridine, acetic acid, acetic anhydride, acetyl chloride, NaCl, anhydride sodium sulphate, sulphuric acid, ferric trichloride, perchloric acid, nitric acid, and hydroxylamine.
Quantitative standards (1,2-dipalmitoyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine, oleic acid, cholesterol, methyl stearate, nonadecanoic acid) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Qualitative (Qualmix Fish) and quantitative (FAME Mix) FAME standards were obtained from Supelco, Inc. (Bellefonte, PA, USA) and Larodan (Malmo, Sweden), respectively.
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2

Fabrication of Lipid-Magnetic Nanovesicles

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25 mg of 1-stearoyl-rac-glycerol (Sigma-Aldrich), 2.5 mg of oleic acid (Sigma-Aldrich), 2.5 mg of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine (Sigma-Aldrich), 4 mg of mPEG-DSPE5k (Sigma-Aldrich), and 2.5 mg of temozolomide (Sigma-Aldrich) (when TMZ-LMNVs are fabricated), are mixed with 84.5 μl of an ethanol solution of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (15 wt%; US Research Nanomaterials Inc.), inside a 6 ml glass vial. Subsequently, the vial is placed inside an ultrasonic bath (Elmasonic S 35w) set at 70 °C in order to melt the lipids and to allow ethanol to evaporate. After ethanol evaporates, 3 ml of a pre-warmed (70 °C) Tween® 80 (Sigma-Aldrich) solution (1.0 wt%) were added to the lipid mixture and immediately sonicated using an ultrasonic homogenizer (Fisherbrand™ Q125 Sonicator) for 15 min (amplitude 30%, 120 W). After the ultrasonic homogenization, the hot mixture is transferred to a high pressure homogenizer (HPH, EmulsiFlex-B15 from Avestin), where the sample is further homogenized by passing it 5 times through the homogenizer at a pressure of 100 000 psi. After the homogenization, the LMNVs are placed for 30 min at 4 °C to allow the lipid-based structures to stabilize. The LMNVs are purified by centrifugation and washing with ultrapure (Mili-Q) water (3 times for 30 min at 4 °C).
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3

Curcumin-Piperine Liposomal Formulation

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Curcumin, piperine, glyceryl tripalmitate (tripalmitin, purity ≥ 99%), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC, ∼99%), Cholesterol (≥%99) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Germany. Chloroform (≥99.8%) was obtained from Fluka Chemika, Germany. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was purchased from Fisher BioReagents, United States. All chemicals were used as received without further purification.
3-(4,5-di-methyl-thiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxy-methoxy- phenyl)-2-(4-sulfo-phenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS)-assay (CellTiter96 AqueousOne Solution) was purchased from Promega, Southampton, United Kingdom. Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Detection Kit was obtained from BD Pharmingen. Propidium iodide and RNase A were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Germany. Non-idet P-40 was obtained from AppliChem, Germany. 4,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) was purchased from Roche. pKH26 was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, Germany.
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4

Curcumin-Loaded Lipid Nanocarriers

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Curcumin, glyceryl tripalmitate (tripalmitin, purity ≥99%), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC, ∼99%), glutaraldehyde solution (50%), human IgG-Reagent Grade, anti-human IgG (γ-chain specific)-gold antibody, Sudan III and FITC were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich GmbH, Germany. Hexadecylamine (HDA, ≥99%), uranyl acetate dehydrate (≥98%) and chloroform (≥99.8%) were obtained from Fluka Chemika, Switzerland and Germany, respectively. Cholesterol (>%98) was purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids, USA. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was purchased from Riedel-de Haën (Sigma–Aldrich, Germany) and isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactoside (IPTG) was purchased from Gerbu (Gaiberg, Germany). All chemicals were used as received without further purification.
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5

Lipid-Based Curcumin Delivery System

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Glyceryl tripalmitate (tripalmitin, purity ≥99%), 1,2dipalmitoyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC, ≥99%), cholesterol (≥%99), hexadecylamine (HDA, ≥99%), curcumin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Germany. Chloroform (≥99.8%) was obtained from Fluka Chemika, Germany. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was purchased from Fisher BioReagents, USA. All chemicals were used as received without further purification.
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