Descriptive statistic was used for demographic data presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or percentage for each sub-group. Differences among groups were analyzed using the appropriate t-test for unpaired or paired data. Categorical variables were analyzed using χ2 test. Pearson correlation test was used when appropriate. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine independent predictors of poor sleep quality. P value was significant when < 0.05. Statistic was performed using SPSS software 14.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY USA).
Spss software 14
Manufactured by IBM
Sourced in United States
SPSS software 14.0 is a statistical analysis software package designed for data management, analysis, and reporting. It provides a comprehensive set of tools for conducting various statistical tests, modeling, and visualization. The software is widely used in academic, research, and business settings.
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Lab products found in correlation
16 protocols using spss software 14
1
Predictors of Poor Sleep Quality
2
Statistical Analysis of Treatment Effects
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All statistics were analyzed in SPSS software 14.0 (IBM Inc., Armonk, NY, United States). Data are presented as the means ± SEM and the differences among the control and various treatment groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Two-tailed Student’s t-test was used as a post hoc test to assess differences between two groups. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
3
Comparative Analysis of Neuronal Responses
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Data are reported as the mean ± standard error of mean (SEM). A value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Statistical analysis was conducted with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a Tukey post hoc test for multiple comparisons. Analyses were performed using the SPSS software 14.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
4
Biostatistical Analysis of Pediatric CKD
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Data were expressed as median and interquartile range (IQR). The Mann–Whitney U test or chi-square test was used to test the differences in variables between children with CKD stage G1 and those with CKD stage G2–G3. The associations between variables were examined using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. A value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Analyses were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software 14.0 (Chicago, IL, USA).
5
Comprehensive Statistical Analysis of Experimental Protocols
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All statistics were analyzed with SPSS software 14.0 (SPSS, Inc.). All experiments were performed three times, and the data are presented as the mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test was used to assess multiple groups of data and the Student's t-test was used to compare two groups. P<0.05 was considered to indicate a statistically significant difference.
6
Exploring Nitric Oxide and Left Ventricular Mass
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Results are presented with the median (25th–75th percentile) or number (%). All statistical analyses were conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software 14.0 (Chicago, IL, USA). The Mann–Whitney U-test or Chi-square test was used to test the differences in variables between the two groups. The associations between variables were examined using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. A linear regression model was performed, followed by the stepwise multivariable analyses integrating relevant parameters to explain NO-related parameters and LVMI. Differences were considered significant at a probability level of p < 0.05.
7
CAKUT vs. Non-CAKUT Comparative Analysis
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Data were expressed as medians (25th, 75th percentile) for continuous variables while categorical variables were expressed as number (%). The Mann–Whitney U-test or Chi-square test was used to test the differences in variables between children with CAKUT and non-CAKUT. The associations between variables were examined using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. A value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software 14.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
8
Apolipoprotein Levels and Cardiovascular Risk
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Continuous variables are presented as medians and inter-quartile ranges (IQRs; 25th−75th percentile), while categorical variables are described as numbers and percentages. The Mann–Whitney U-test or chi-square test was used to test the differences in variables between two groups. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to determine the associations between variables. A linear regression model was performed, followed by stepwise multivariable analyses for integrating relevant parameters to explain apoC-II, apoC-III, and CV risk markers. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. All analyses were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software 14.0 (Chicago, IL, USA).
9
Ventricular Remodeling and Diastolic Function
10
Microcurrent Stimulation's Effect on RMS
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To estimate the sample size, we conducted a pilot trial as no previous studies could provide guidance regarding population size and power. In the trial, 9 volunteers underwent the HGS and the EMG test for evaluating RMS value before and after microcurrent stimulation. Among the outcomes, the RMS value was selected to estimate the number of subjects. To detect this difference in a randomized controlled trial using a paired t test assuming a 5% 2-tailed significant level (an alpha of 0.05), a power of 90%, and a 20% dropout rate, the suggested sample size was 18 subjects per group. With a slight increase in sample size, a total of 38 subjects (19 subjects in each group) participated in the present study. All demographic data are presented as the mean and standard deviation (SD), unless otherwise noted. Normality of distribution was assessed with the Shapiro-Wilk test. Student t test or Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparing the continuous variables and the χ2 test or Fisher exact test was utilized for comparing the categorical variables. Comparison between at baseline and after intervention data within each group was analyzed using a paired t test or Wilcoxon signed rank test. All variables with a P < .05 were considered statistically significant. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software 14.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL) was used to conduct data analysis.
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