Ht laser

The Nano-ZnO was initially analyzed by means of a Shimadzu UV-1601 (Shimadzu Corporation, Japan) UV-vis spectroscopy instrument, ranging between 200 and 600 nm. Then by FTIR analysis using attenuated total reflectance (ATR) mode by a Jasco FTIR 4100 spectrophotometer (Japan) to categorize the functional groups and various phytochemical compounds responsible for formation and stabilization of the nanoparticles. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis was performed using a Zetasizer (HT Laser, ZEN3600 Malvern Instruments, Malvern, UK) to investigate particle size and zeta potential of the prepared nanoparticles. Morphology and particle size of Nano-ZnO mediated by P. auriculata Lam. extract were determined by TEM (JEOL-JEM-1011, Japan) and FE-SEM (Mira3 Tescan). A few drops from the suspension of ZnO nanoparticles was applied on a carbon-coated copper grid and the solvent was evaporated at room temperature before recording the images. The powdered sample was subjected to CuKα1 X-ray diffractometer radiation (λ = 1.5406 A°) operating at 40 kV and 30 mA with 2θ ranging from 20°–90° to verify the occurrence of ZnO crystals and define their structure and size.

The synthesized AuNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectra recording using a PerkinElmer UV-visible spectrometer (Lambda 25, PerkinElmer, United Kingdom) in the spectral range of 190−1100 nm; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra were recorded using a single-beam spectrometer genesis series Nicolet in the range of 4000–400 cm⁻¹; dynamic light scattering (DLS) was used to measure the size of formed NPs using a Zetasizer, Nano series, HT Laser, ZEN 3600 (Malvern Instruments, U.K.) Thermo Scientific, Nicolet 6700; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed using a JEOL-FE SEM to study the morphology and shape of AuNPs, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed using a JEM-1011, (JEOL, Japan) to characterize the size, shape, and morphology of the formed biogenic synthesized AuNPs. The samples were prepared by placing a drop of the solution containing the AuNPs on the carbon-coated TEM grids. The film on the TEM grid was allowed to dry at room temperature. Finally, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis was performed to confirm the presence of gold in the particles as well as to detect other elementary components of the particles.