Mice were fasted for 16 h before the glucose tolerance test (GTT). D-glucose (2 g/kg) was intraperitoneally injected, and blood samples were taken from the tail vein before and 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after the injection of glucose. Blood glucose levels were measured by a glucometer (Abbot). To perform the insulin tolerance test (ITT), mice were injected with 0.1 mL of 0.9% normal saline containing insulin (1 U/kg, Humulin-R; Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA). A drop of blood was taken from the tail vein before and 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after the injection of insulin, and blood glucose levels was measured by a glucometer (Abbot).
Glucometer
Manufactured by Abbott
Sourced in United States
Glucometer is a portable device used to measure the concentration of glucose in the blood. It provides a quick and convenient way for individuals to monitor their blood glucose levels.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Insulin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
D12492, by Research Diets (2 mentions)
Recombinant human insulin injection, by Novo Nordisk (2 mentions)
Ultrasensitive mouse elisa kit, by ALPCO (2 mentions)
Female nod shiltj mice, by Jackson ImmunoResearch (2 mentions)
Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Pentobarbital sodium, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dextrose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Colorimetric assay, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Corticosterone, by MP Biomedicals (1 mentions)
Humulin r, by Eli Lilly (1 mentions)
1240 uv vis spectrophotometer, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Humulin, by Eli Lilly (1 mentions)
D glucose, by Sinopharm (1 mentions)
C57bl 6 mice, by Inotiv (1 mentions)
Td 88137, by Inotiv (1 mentions)
Ultra sensitive elisa kit, by Crystal Chem (1 mentions)
Urine albumin, by Fortis Life Sciences (1 mentions)
Plasma cystatin c, by R&D Systems (1 mentions)
Dca vantage analyzer, by Siemens (1 mentions)
42 protocols using glucometer
1
Glucose and Insulin Tolerance Tests
2
Glucose Tolerance in Mice fed High-Fat Diet
3
Assessing Glucose Metabolism in Mice
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After mice had been fasted, fasting blood glucose and insulin levels were determined using a glucometer (Abbott Diabetes Care Inc., Alameda, CA, USA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA), respectively. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index using the following mathematical formulation Eq. (1) :
Glucose-tolerance test (GTT) was carried out on mice that had been fasted overnight for 16 h. After determination of fasted blood glucose levels, each mouse received an intraperitoneal injection of 2 g/kg body weight of glucose. Blood glucose level was detected from tail vein after 15, 30, 60, and 120 min. Insulin-tolerance tests (ITT) were carried out in random-fed mice. After measuring basal blood glucose levels, each mouse was treated with 0.75 U/kg body weight of insulin. Blood glucose level was recorded after 15, 30, 60, and 120 min.
Glucose-tolerance test (GTT) was carried out on mice that had been fasted overnight for 16 h. After determination of fasted blood glucose levels, each mouse received an intraperitoneal injection of 2 g/kg body weight of glucose. Blood glucose level was detected from tail vein after 15, 30, 60, and 120 min. Insulin-tolerance tests (ITT) were carried out in random-fed mice. After measuring basal blood glucose levels, each mouse was treated with 0.75 U/kg body weight of insulin. Blood glucose level was recorded after 15, 30, 60, and 120 min.
4
Oral and Intravenous High Glucose Effects on Rats
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Following adaptive feeding, all rats were randomly divided into three groups: The normal diet (ND; n=10), the OHG (n=10) and the IHG (n=10) groups. OHG group rats were fed with 50% high glucose at a dose of 2.5 g/kg/day for 2 weeks. The IHG group rats were treated with 50% high glucose via tail vein injection at a dose of 2 g/kg/day for 2 weeks. The ND group received an equivalent amount of saline orally for the same period. During the experiment, all rats received the same standard chow. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels were measured in all animals weekly using a glucometer (Abbott Diabetes Care). Finally, all rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation following anesthesia with an intraperitoneal injection of sodium pentobarbital (45 mg/kg; MilliporeSigma) to reduce pain. The following samples were collected from the rats: Feces were collected individually for at least 3 days for each animal. Blood samples were collected via the abdominal aorta (4 ml) for biochemical assays after anesthesia with an intraperitoneal injection of sodium pentobarbital. Intestine and liver samples were also collected.
5
Oral Delivery of Extracellular Vesicles Improves Glucose Homeostasis
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EVs (1 μg of total protein) were orally administered once every 2 days for 1 month. For the glucose tolerance test (GTT), mice were initially fasted for 12 h. Then, 1 gram of dextrose (Sigma, St. Louis, USA) per kilogram body weight was administered intraperitoneally, and blood glucose concentrations were subsequently measured at the indicated time points. For the insulin tolerance test (ITT), the mice were fasted for 6 h, followed by intraperitoneal injection of 0.5U insulin (Sigma, St. Louis, USA) per kilogram body weight. Blood glucose concentrations were measured at indicated time points using a glucometer (Abbott Diabetes Care, Alameda, USA.). The blood used for both GTT and ITT was withdrawn from the tail vein of mice.
6
Metabolic Profiling of Rat Plasma
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After 8 weeks of feeding, trunk blood was collected, fasting blood glucose was evaluated using a glucometer (Abbott Laboratories, Bedford MA) and plasma frozen for analysis. Colorimetric assays (Wako Diagnostics, Mountain View, CA) were used to measure plasma levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides. Plasma insulin was measured with the Mercodia Rat Insulin ELISA assay (ALPCO Diagnostics, Salem NH).
7
Intraperitoneal Glucose Tolerance Test
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Glucose tolerance was assessed by IPGTT after animals fasted for 12 h. Mice received an intraperitoneal injection of glucose (1 g/kg body weight), and blood samples were collected sequentially from the tail vein at various time points (0, 15, 30, 60, and 120 min), followed by determination of glucose levels using a glucometer (Abbott, Alameda, CA, USA). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was calculated.
8
High-fat diet induced obesity in mice
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A mouse model of diet-induced obesity by feeding high fat diet (HFD) was as described (24 (link), 25 (link)). Age-matched male Rorafl/fl and Rorafl/flLysMCre/+ mice were fed a HFD (60% kcal fat; D12492; Research Diets, Inc., NJ, USA) or control diet (10% kcal fat; D12450J) ad libitum for 16 weeks. Male mice were used for all HFD studies due to the published differences in the development of metabolic syndrome between males and females, with male mice on a C57BL/6 mice showing a higher predisposition to weight gain and metabolic dysfunction than female counterparts (18 (link), 19 (link)). Glucose tolerance was assessed in mice fasted overnight and challenged with 2 g/kg glucose i.p. Insulin tolerance was tested in mice fasted for 4 h and challenged with 0.75 mU/g human insulin i.p. Blood glucose was measured prior to injection and at 30, 60, and 120 min post-injection using a glucometer (Abbott Laboratories, IL, USA). All metabolic analyses were undertaken between 10.00 and 12.00, all weight measurements were taken at 10.00.
9
Hormone and Glucose Measurement in Blood
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Blood samples were centrifuged at 1700 g for 15 minutes at 4°C and plasma was collected for hormone and labelled glucose measurements. Glucose concentrations were measured directly from blood samples with a glucometer (Abbott Laboratories, Chicago, IL, USA). Plasma [6,6‐2H2] glucose enrichment was measured by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry and EGP was calculated using the methods of Steele.23 (link) Corticosterone (MP Biomedicals, Santa Ana, CA, USA) and insulin (Millipore, Burlington, MA, USA) levels were determined by radioimmunoassays in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, the luteinising hormone (LH) level was determined using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay24 (link) and testosterone levels were measured using isotope dilution‐liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry.25 (link)
10
Cardiometabolic Biomarkers and Oxidative Status
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Regarding cardiometabolic biomarkers, blood glucose was determined using a glucometer from Abbott (Chicago, IL, USA). Plasma insulin was determined with an ELISA kit (Millipore, MA, USA). Lipid profile was measured by standard automated methodologies.
For oxidative status evaluation, Plasma and urine uric acid were determined using an enzymatic-colorimetric kit (Spin React, San Esteve de Bas, Girona, Spain). Blood and urine antioxidant capacity were estimated using the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assays [21 (link)–23 (link)]. The Folin-Ciocalteu assay was used after solid phase extraction to evaluate the polyphenol content of urine [24 (link)].
All urine measurements were normalized using creatinine concentration, measured via the colorimetric Jaffe reaction. The values recorded in these determinations, detailed elsewhere [20 ], were used to evaluate correlations with viscosity measurements.
For oxidative status evaluation, Plasma and urine uric acid were determined using an enzymatic-colorimetric kit (Spin React, San Esteve de Bas, Girona, Spain). Blood and urine antioxidant capacity were estimated using the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assays [21 (link)–23 (link)]. The Folin-Ciocalteu assay was used after solid phase extraction to evaluate the polyphenol content of urine [24 (link)].
All urine measurements were normalized using creatinine concentration, measured via the colorimetric Jaffe reaction. The values recorded in these determinations, detailed elsewhere [20 ], were used to evaluate correlations with viscosity measurements.
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