Stearidonic acid

Bovine insulin was purchased
from Sigma-Aldrich
(St. Louis, MO, USA), and we utilized a variety of fatty acids, including
eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoic
acid, Calbiochem Cat: 324875-25MG) C20:5, DHA (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid, Acros Organics
CAS: 6217-54-5) C22:6, α-linolenic acid (ALA, 9Z,12Z,15Z-α-linolenic acid,
Acros Organics CAS: 463-40-1) C18:3, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid
(DGLA, 8Z,11Z,14Z-dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, Enzo Cat no. BML-FA009-0100) C20:3,
stearidonic acid (SDA, 4Z,7Z,11Z,13Z-eicosatetraenoic acid, Cayman Chemical
Company Item: 90320) C18:4, stearic acid (STA, octadecanoic acid,
Ward’s Science+ CAS: 57-11-4) C18:0, linoleic acid (LA, 9Z,12Z-octadecadienoic acid, EMD Millipore
Corp. CAS: 436305-5GM) C18:2, cis-vaccenic acid (cis) [VA, (11Z)-octadec-11-enoic acid,
Indofine Chemical Company CAS: 506-17-2] C18:1, elaidic acid (trans) [EA, (E)-octadec-9-enoic acid, Alfa
Aesar CAS: 112-79-8] C18:1, palmitoleic acid (PA, 9-hexadecenoic acid,
MP Biomedicals CAS: 373-49-9) C16:1, and γ-linolenic acid (GLA).

ARA, EPA, and DHA were purchased from Nacalai Tesque (Kyoto, Japan). (±)8-HEPE (comprising equal amounts of 8S-HEPE and 8R-HEPE), 8S-HEPE, (±)8-HETE, 8S-HETE, 8R-HETE, rac-10-HDHA, PD1, gamma-linoleic acid (GLA), stearidonic acid (SDA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) were purchased from Cayman Chemical Company (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). The Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) insect cells, and pFastBac vector were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Franklin, MA, USA). The anti-6xHis antibody [HIS.H8] was purchased from Abcam Japan (Tokyo, Japan).

Six-well NGM dishes were prepared with an aqueous solution of NP-40 (Sigma) to a final concentration of 0.01% and supplemented with 1 mM concentrations of any of the following reagents: stearic acid (Cayman Chemicals), oleic acid (Cayman Chemicals), linoleic acid (Cayman Chemicals), α-linoleic acid (Cayman Chemicals), γ-linoleic acid (Cayman Chemicals), stearidonic acid (Cayman Chemicals), dihomo-γ-linoleic acid (Cayman Chemicals), eicosatetraenoic acid (Cayman Chemicals), ω-3-arachidonic acid (Cayman Chemicals), arachidonic acid (Cayman Chemicals), eicosapentaenoic acid (Cayman Chemicals), C15iso (Cayman Chemicals), C17iso (Cayman Chemicals), and C13iso (Chem Cruz). Dishes without lipids were also prepared. A synchronized population of 500 L1 animals was added to the wells and incubated for 36 h. Then the animals were challenged with Orsay virus for 3 days and collected for RNA extraction and qRT-PCR. Three independent experiments in triplicate were performed.