CT simulation was performed in the supine position, with a thermoplastic mask for immobilization, using a 16 slice CT (GE LightSpeed RT 16; GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI, USA). The gross tumor volume (GTV) was defined as a contrast-enhancing metastatic tumor and osteolytic, osteoblastic or mixed bone lesions on planning CT. The clinical target volume (CTV) included the GTV with a 1 to 2 cm expansion in the mandible bone marrow to cover microscopic infiltrations. The planning target volume (PTV) was generated through a 0.5 cm expansion of the CTV in all directions. Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy planning was done using the radiotherapy planning system (Eclipse; Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA) and treatment was delivered with 6–15 MV photon beams using a linear accelerator (Varian Medical Systems). The prescribed radiation doses were determined with regard to the treatment aims and minimizing toxicity to the surrounding organs including the salivary glands, oral mucosa, brain, and spinal cord.
Ge lightspeed rt 16
Manufactured by GE Healthcare
Sourced in United States
The GE LightSpeed RT 16 is a 16-slice computed tomography (CT) scanner designed for medical imaging applications. It offers fast scanning capabilities and high-quality image resolution to support healthcare professionals in their diagnostic and treatment procedures.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
4 protocols using ge lightspeed rt 16
1
Radiotherapy for Metastatic Bone Lesions
2
4D CT-Guided Individualized HCC SBRT
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For RT planning, a 4-dimensional computed tomography (CT) simulation was performed (GE LightSpeed RT 16; GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL, USA) with abdominal compression to minimize respiratory motion. The CT slice thickness was set at 5 mm. CT series were sorted according to respiratory phase using 4-dimensional imaging software (AW 4.7; GE Healthcare, North Richland, TX, USA). The gross tumor volume (GTV) was defined as the visible HCC in each respiratory phase and then summed to create the internal target volume. The planning target volume (PTV) margin was 5 mm in each direction, around the internal target volume. Contouring and treatment planning were performed using a radiation therapy planning system (Monaco™; Elekta, Stockholm, Sweden). The recommended prescription dose was 48 Gy and was individualized to achieve a normal liver volume receiving less than 15 Gy (rV15Gy) > 700 mL. The treatment was delivered in four fractions on alternate days with daily image guidance using a linear accelerator (Versa HD; Elekta, Stockholm, Sweden).
3
Multimodal Imaging of Fiducial Markers
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Each of the fiducials were placed within the phantom one at a time and imaged with a 16-slice CT simulation scanner (Brilliance Big Bore, Philips Medical Systems, Best, Netherlands), a
CBCT system (TrueBeam OBI, Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA), and a 16-slice CTOR scanner (GE LightSpeed RT16, GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI, USA) (15) . The phantom and fiducials were centered with respect to each imaging system's isocenter using in-room lasers and phantom markings to improve the reproducibility of set-up across each CT acquisition.
Acquisition parameters were selected for each imaging modality based on institutional protocols for GI imaging, as summarized in Table 2. The CTOR exposure level may be adjusted from the default value of 84 mAs at the treatment machine, as needed. To investigate the impact of image noise on fiducial detectability a second exposure level of 250 mAs was also evaluated for the CTOR machine. The x-ray tube potential varied slightly, from 120 to 125 kV. Voxel dimensions were comparable across all imaging modalities. Slice thickness ranged from 2.0 mm for the CBCT system to 3.0 mm for the CT simulation scanner. Slice thickness is an important parameter that impacts the fiducial visibility due to volume averaging and image noise.
CBCT system (TrueBeam OBI, Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA), and a 16-slice CTOR scanner (GE LightSpeed RT16, GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI, USA) (15) . The phantom and fiducials were centered with respect to each imaging system's isocenter using in-room lasers and phantom markings to improve the reproducibility of set-up across each CT acquisition.
Acquisition parameters were selected for each imaging modality based on institutional protocols for GI imaging, as summarized in Table 2. The CTOR exposure level may be adjusted from the default value of 84 mAs at the treatment machine, as needed. To investigate the impact of image noise on fiducial detectability a second exposure level of 250 mAs was also evaluated for the CTOR machine. The x-ray tube potential varied slightly, from 120 to 125 kV. Voxel dimensions were comparable across all imaging modalities. Slice thickness ranged from 2.0 mm for the CBCT system to 3.0 mm for the CT simulation scanner. Slice thickness is an important parameter that impacts the fiducial visibility due to volume averaging and image noise.
4
4D CT Imaging and Segmentation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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The simulation and segmentation procedures had been described in our previous report3 (link). All patients were immobilized in the supine position using a vacuum cushion and underwent a free-breathing 4-dimensional (4D) CT scan (GE LightSpeed RT 16; GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI, USA). A real-time position management respiratory gating system (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA) was used to record the patients’ breathing patterns. The CT slice thickness was set to 2.5 mm. An intravenous contrast agent was injected to improve the segmentation accuracy of the target and normal organs. The CT data were sorted into 10 CT series according to the respiratory phase using 4D imaging software (Advantage 4D version 4.2; GE Healthcare). Contouring was performed on the CT images at the end-expiratory phase using a radiotherapy treatment planning system (Eclipse version 13.6; Varian Medical Systems). The organs at risk included the whole liver, duodenum, stomach, and right/left kidneys. Two professional radiographers with experience in segmentation of abdominal structures of more than 500 patients per year delineated the training sets and two radiation oncologists with more than 10 years of experience in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment confirmed each structure.
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