Chenodeoxycholic acid

To prepare photoanodes titania electrodes were immersed in a 1 × 10⁻⁴ M solution of N719 (Solaronix) or B1 (synthesized by us31 ) dye in absolute ethanol or in a mixture of 1 × 10⁻³ M chenodeoxycholic acid (Solaronix) and 1 × 10⁻⁴ M SQ2 (Solaronix) dye in absolute ethanol at room temperature overnight. A platinum coated FTO was used as a counter electrode and a mixture of 0.6 M 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium iodide (Aldrich), 0.06 M lithium iodide (Aldrich), 0.03 M iodine (Poch), 0.1 M guanidinium isothiocyanate (Aldrich), 0.5 M 4-tert-butylpyridine (Aldrich) in acetonitrile was used as an electrolyte. The cell was assembled according to the procedure described in our previous work31 . UV-VIS absorbance spectra of 2 × 10⁻⁵ M dye solutions (N719, B1, SQ2) in dry ethanol were measured by a UV-VIS spectrophotometer (Lambda 35, Perkin Elmer). The morphology of the titania electrodes was characterized by Schottky field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEI Quanta FEG 250).

All materials were purchased and used without modification. The complete test kits containing fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) as glass substrate of TiO_2, platinum FTO, HI-30 electrolyte iodide, masks, gaskets, chenodeoxycholic acid (CDC) and hot seal were purchased from Solaronix Company (Aubonne, Switzerland). Water, Oleic acid (OA), methanol, HDA, SnS/had, and SnS nanoparticles from bis (N-1,4-Phenyl-N-Morhpo-dithiocarbamato) Sn(II) complexes.