Mg 63

Initially, preparation of human osteoblast-like osteosarcoma cell line (MG-63, European Collection of Cell Cultures, Porton Down, UK) was done using standard conditions (37 °C, 95 % air, 5 % CO₂, 95 % relative humidity) in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM, Gibco, Life Technologies, Paisley, UK) supplemented with 10 % fetal bovine serum (Gibco) and 1 % penicillin/streptomycin (PAA Laboratories, GE Healthcare, Chalfont St. Giles, UK).

The detailed methodology is included in the supplemental file (Supplementary Materials). In brief, qualitative images were taken before and after treatment (Table 1) employing Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) (JEOL JSM 5410LV, Hertfordshire, UK) (Supplementary Materials).
Surface topography (Proscan 1000, Scantron Ltd., Somerset, UK [laser KL131A, resolution {z} 0.02 μm]), and wettability (CAM 200, KSV Instruments, Biolin Scientific, MD, USA) were assessed (Supplementary Materials).
The effect of the different decontamination protocols on surface chemistry (Thermofisher Scientific K-Alpha XPS system with Avantage software and JEOL JSM-6301F; Oxford Instruments INCA EDX) were tested (Supplementary Materials).
Biocompatibility (MG-63, European Collection of Cell Cultures, Porton Down, UK), was evaluated (Supplementary Materials). Following the cytocompatibility assay, SEM and CLSM images (Bio-Rad Laboratories Ltd, Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, UK) of MG-63 cells were obtained (Supplementary Materials).

Human osteoblast-like osteosarcoma cell line (MG-63, European Collection of Cell Cultures, Porton Down, UK) was cultured under standard conditions (37℃, 95% air, 5% CO₂, 95% relative humidity) in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (Gibco, Life Technologies, Paisley, UK) supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum (Gibco) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin (PAA Laboratories, GE Healthcare, Chalfont St. Giles, UK).