Ly290042

Resveratrol was purchased from Shanghai Standardization for the Traditional Research Center and dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Human TGF-beta1 was obtained from PeproTech (USA). 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt (MTS) was purchased from Promega (Madison, WI, USA). QuicBlock^TM Blocking Buffer for Immunol Staining, Antifade Mounting Medium with DAPI, QuicBlock^TM Secondary Antibody Dilution Buffer for Immunofluorescence and QuicBlock^TM Primary Antibody Dilution Buffer for Immunol Staining were purchased from Beyotime (Shanghai, China). Antibodies against MMP-2, MMP-9, α-SMA, Smad2, Smad3, P-Smad2, P-Smad3, Snail1, and Slug were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Fibronectin, P-PI3K, PI3K, P-AKT, AKT, E-cadherin, and vimentin antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Boston, MA, USA). LY290042, SB431542, SP600125, PDTC, and PD98059 were purchased from Selleck Chemical (Houston, TX, USA). PDTC and PD98059 were purchased from MedChemExpresss (New Jersey, NJ, USA). IRDye^TM fluorescence antibodies were obtained from Li-Cor Bioscience (Lincoln, NE, USA).