Vascular measurements were performed using a commercially available ultrasound system (Vivid 7, GE Medical Systems, Oslo, Norway) equipped with a vascular transducer set at 10 MHz. After 10 min of rest, two-dimensional and tissue Doppler images of the common carotid and femoral arteries were obtained. Carotid intima–media thickness (cIMT) and carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) were then calculated as previously described [23 (link)]. Noncontrast-enhanced whole-body CT scanning was performed in 14 PXE patients using a Siemens Somatom Definition Flash dual source CT scanner (Erlangen, Germany). Calcium scoring in large- and medium-sized arterial vessels (i.e., coronary arteries, thoracic and abdominal aorta, left and right iliac, femoral, popliteal and crural arteries) was performed on a Siemens workstation with a threshold of 130 Hounsfield units (HU); only lesions with an area ≥ 3 pixels were withheld by the software. Agatston calcium scores were determined as previously described [30 (link)]. A cumulative total body CT calcium score was then calculated by adding up all Agatston scores of the aforementioned vascular regions.
Somatom definition flash dual source ct scanner
Manufactured by Siemens
Sourced in Germany
The Somatom Definition Flash dual source CT scanner is a medical imaging device manufactured by Siemens. It utilizes two X-ray sources and two corresponding detectors to capture high-quality computed tomography (CT) images. The core function of the Somatom Definition Flash is to acquire detailed cross-sectional images of the human body for diagnostic purposes.
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3 protocols using somatom definition flash dual source ct scanner
1
Vascular Imaging and Calcium Scoring in PXE
2
Whole Body Dual Energy CT Scanning
3
Postmortem CT Scanning Protocols
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AMCTs of the head had been performed on several different CT scanners by different manufacturers, using different scanning protocols, each according to the individual hospital's protocols. All PMCTs (except two) had been performed on a 128-slice Somatom Definition Flash Dual Source CT scanner (Siemens Healthcare, Forchheim, Germany). Scan parameters were as follows: 120 kVp; automatic dose modulation (CARE Dose4D, Siemens Healthcare, Forchheim, Germany); 0.6 mm collimation. Two PMCTs were performed on a Somatom Sensation Open CT scanner (Siemens Healthcare, Forchheim, Germany) during maintenance service of the other scanner. Scan parameters were as follows: 120 kVp; 300 mAs; 1.2 mm collimation, using a dedicated head field of view. PMCT image reconstruction was performed with a slice thickness of 0.6 mm in increments of 0.4 mm using soft tissue and bone-weighted tissue kernel in all cases [8] .
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