Bafilomycin a1 tlrl baf1

Antibody and phalloidin stainings were performed as described previously [25 (link)]. The samples were imaged with a 63x magnification (oil immersion) using a Leica TCS-SP2 confocal microscope and the LCS software. The primary antibodies used in this study were the following: rabbit polyclonal against D. melanogaster Ref(2)P protein [54 (link)], mouse monoclonal against Flag tag (Clone M2, Sigma-Aldrich) and rabbit monoclonal anti-Cathepsin L (ab133641, Abcam). The appropriate Cy3-conjugated secondary antibodies were purchased from Jackson Immunoresearch Laboratories.
Lysotracker staining on tissue was performed as in ref. [55 (link)]. Images were obtained with a fluorescence microscope (Nikon Eclipse 90i) controlled by Nikon Software (Universal Imaging Corp.) using a 60x Plan-Neofluor oil objective.
Image analysis and processing were done with Fiji/ImageJ (National Institute of Health) and Photoshop CS6 (Adobe).For experiments carried out in HeLa cells, the following antibodies were used: anti-β-tubulin monoclonal antibody (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-p62 monoclonal antibody (H00008878-M01, Novus Biologicals), anti-UBPY. Dimethyl sulfoxyde (DMSO) and Hoechst #33342 were from Sigma-Aldrich and Bafilomycin A1 (#tlrl-baf1) was purchased from Invivogen.

Trichloroacetic acids (TCA; T6399-500), LPS from E.coli 055:B5 (L6529), d-gal (G0500-5G), and APAP (A0181-25G) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF) (15-02) was purchased from PeproTech. The CpG (ODN1826) was synthesized by BGI. The sequence of CpG is 5′-TCCATGACGTTCCTGACGTT-3′. The imidazoquinoline R848 (tlrl-r848), the TLR4 inhibitor TAK242 (tlrl-cli95) and the endosomal acidification inhibitor Bafilomycin A1 (tlrl-baf1) were purchased from InvivoGen. Recombinant mouse IFN-γ (485-MI-100) was purchased from R&D. Brefeldin A was purchased from Selleck (S7046).