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80 protocols using ter119

1

Isolation of Intestinal Stem Cells and Paneth Cells

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Intestinal stem cells and Paneth cell isolation was performed as described previously (Igarashi & Guarente, 2016; Roth et al., 2012: Yilmaz et al., 2012). Briefly, the crypt suspensions were centrifuged for 5 min at 250 g at 4°C. The pellets were gently resuspended in 1.0 ml of undiluted TrypLE Express (Life Technologies) +120 μl of DNase I (10 U/μl, Roche). The suspended crypts were incubated in a 32°C water bath for 1.5 min were then placed on ice. 12 ml of cold MEM was added, and crypts were gently triturated twice. After centrifugation, the pellets were resuspended and incubated for 15 min on ice in 1 ml MEM containing CD45‐PE (1/500 eBioscience), CD31‐PE (1/500 Biolegend), Ter119‐PE (1/500 Biolegend), and CD24‐Pacific Blue (1/500 Biolegend). After centrifugation, the pellets were resuspended with MEM containing 1.5 μM propidium iodide (PI) (Thermo Scientific). The samples were filtered through a 40‐μm mesh (Corning) and immediately sorted on a FACS Aria (Becton Dickinson).
Intestinal stem cells were isolated as Lgr5‐EGFPhiCD24low/−CD31Ter119CD45PI,and Paneth cells were isolated as CD24hiSideScatterhiLgR5‐EGFPCD31Ter119CD45PI (Igarashi & Guarente, 2016).
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2

Mouse Tissue Single-Cell Flow Cytometry

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Single-cell suspensions obtained from mouse tissues were incubated with Fc receptor-blocking anti-CD16/CD32, stained with fluorescent-conjugated antibodies, and analyzed by flow cytometry using FACSCanto (BD Biosciences) and FlowJo software (Tree Star) or subjected to cell sorting using SH800 (Sony). Antibodies specific to the following antigens were used in flow cytometry: CD71 (C2/C2F2; BD Biosciences), TER119 (TER-119; BD Biosciences), PDL1 (10F.9G2; BioLegend), and 2B4 (eBio244F4; eBioscience).
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3

Isolation and Flow Cytometry of Intestinal Stem Cells

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Following crypt isolation, the crypt suspensions were pelleted (100 g, 5 min, 4°C) and supernatant was discarded. Crypts were resuspended in TrypLE (GIBCO, no phenol red, 12604039) and dissociated into individual cells by warming crypts in water bath at 32°C for 60 s. Dissociated single cells were treated with the following antibody cocktail for flow cytometry analysis: CD45-PE (eBioscience, 12-0451-83), CD31-PE (Biolegend, 102514), Ter-119PE (Biolegend, 116208), CD24-Pacific Blue (Biolegend, 101820), CD117-APC/Cy7 (Biolegend, 105826), and EpCAM-APC (eBioscience, 17-5791-82). 7AAD (Invitrogen, A1310) was used a viability dye to exclude dead cells from the analysis. ISCs were isolated as Lrg5-eGFPhiEpCAM+CD24low/−CD31Ter119CD457AAD. eGFPlow progenitors were isolated as Lrg5-eGFPlowEpCAM+CD24low/−CD31Ter119CD457AAD. Cells were sorted using a BD FACS II SORP cell sorter.
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4

Isolation and Flow Cytometry of Intestinal Stem Cells

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Following crypt isolation, the crypt suspensions were pelleted (100 g, 5 min, 4°C) and supernatant was discarded. Crypts were resuspended in TrypLE (GIBCO, no phenol red, 12604039) and dissociated into individual cells by warming crypts in water bath at 32°C for 60 s. Dissociated single cells were treated with the following antibody cocktail for flow cytometry analysis: CD45-PE (eBioscience, 12-0451-83), CD31-PE (Biolegend, 102514), Ter-119PE (Biolegend, 116208), CD24-Pacific Blue (Biolegend, 101820), CD117-APC/Cy7 (Biolegend, 105826), and EpCAM-APC (eBioscience, 17-5791-82). 7AAD (Invitrogen, A1310) was used a viability dye to exclude dead cells from the analysis. ISCs were isolated as Lrg5-eGFPhiEpCAM+CD24low/−CD31Ter119CD457AAD. eGFPlow progenitors were isolated as Lrg5-eGFPlowEpCAM+CD24low/−CD31Ter119CD457AAD. Cells were sorted using a BD FACS II SORP cell sorter.
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5

Multiparametric Flow Cytometry for Cellular Analysis

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The following antibodies were used in this study:
Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated CD31 (BD Biosciences, United States, 553372), CD45 (BD Biosciences, 553080), TER119 (BD Biosciences, 557915); biotinylated CD31 (BD Biosciences, 553371), CD45 (BD Biosciences, 553078), TER119 (BD Biosciences, 553672); CD24-PE/cy7 (Biolegend, United States, 101822), CD29-APC (Biolegend, 102216), Procr-PE (eBioscience, United States, 12-2012-82), PD-L1-PE (eBioscience, 124308), Streptavidin-APC-eFluor 780 (eBioscience, 47-4317-82), and Streptavidin-V450 (eBioscience, 48-4317-82). Antibody incubation was performed on ice for 20–25 min in PBS with 5% fetal bovine serum. All the antibodies were employed at 1:200 dilutions. Before cell sorting and analysis, cells were filtered through 40 μm cell strainers. Single cells gating and sorting were performed using an FACS BD Aria III or Moflo XDP Beckman flow cytometer. All analyses were performed using an LSRFortessa X20. FACS data were analyzed using FlowJo software (Tree Star, United States).
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6

Characterization of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

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The uncultured fresh mesenchymal stromal cells in BM were analyzed for surface markers by flow cytometry using antibodies against CD45.2 (eBioscience, San Diego, CA), Ter119 (BD Pharmigen, San Diego, CA), CD31 (BD Pahrmigen), PDGFR-α (BD Pharmingen), and Sca-1 (eBioscience). To examine the expression of niche cross-talk molecules in mesenchymal stroma, BMCs were permeabilized and intracellular stained with specific antibodies against Jagged-1 (28H8, Cell signaling, Danvers, MA) or CXCL-12 (79018, R&D Systems) and analyzed by flow cytometry after gating for mesenchymal populations as described12 (link). Relative expression levels in mesenchymal stromal populations were determined by ∆MFI, the difference in mean fluorescent intensity.
For colony-forming unit fibroblasts (CFU-Fs), 5 × 106 BMCs were plated in 95 mm dishes with DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS, and colonies were visualized by crystal violet staining and counted after 14 days of culture. Cell clusters, consisting of at least 50 cells, were scored as a CFU-F colony.
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7

Isolation and Purification of Murine Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells

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Mice were sacrified in a CO2 chamber to collect femurs and tibia that were subsequently flushed with cold PBS to harvest bone marrow. RBC lysis was performed once for 3 min followed by enrichment of Lineage negative (Lin) cells. For that, cells were incubated in cold flow cytometry buffer with a panel of biotinylated antibodies against lineage committed cells (CD3, CD45R, CD11b, Ter-119, Gr-1 all biotinylated and from BD Pharmigen. After washing, cells were incubated with streptavidin magnetic beads (Miltenyi) and passed through LS columns (Miltenyi). Thus, collected cells were stained with Sca-1, c-kit (CD117), CD48, CD150 antibodies and with the viability marker Hoechst 33258 prior to be sorted by FACS Aria II for further ATAC-Sequencing analysis. MPPs were identified as Lin-c-kit+ sca-1+ CD48+ CD150- cells.
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8

Isolation and Culturing of Murine Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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Bone marrow was harvested from femur, tibia and hip bones in mice. Total bone marrow was depleted of differentiated hematopoietic cells (lineage-positive cells) using Mouse Hematopoietic Progenitor (Stem) Cell Enrichment Set (BD). Magnetically sorted Lineagenegative (lin -) cells were kept overnight at 4°C in IMDM medium supplemented with 10% FBS (HyClone) and 1% penicillin-streptomycin (Thermofisher). Staining was performed for 20min at room temperature (RT) using CD3ε (Lin) -APC clone 145-2C11 (553066, BD), Ter-119 (Lin) -APC clone Ter-119 (557909, BD), CD45R/B220 (Lin) -APC clone RA3-6B2 (553092, BD), Ly6G-6C (Lin)-APC clone RB6-8C5 (553129, BD), Ly-6A/E (Sca-1) -PeCy7 clone d7 (558162, BD), CD117 (c-Kit) -PE or PerCP-Cy5.5, clone 2B8 (553355 or 560557 respectively, BD), CD34-FITC or AF700 clone RAM34 (560238 or 560518, BD), CD135 (Flk2) -BV421 or PE clone A2F10.1 (562898 or 553842 respectively, BD). HSCs (Lin -Sca + c-Kit + CD34 low Flk2 -) were sorted using ARIA3, ARIA Fusion or Influx cell sorters (BD Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) and collected in Stem Span (StemCell).
When the cells were irradiated in vitro, HSCs were cultured in medium containing Flt3-Ligand, IL-3, IL-6, SCF, as described (de Laval et al., 2013) (link) in the presence or absence of TNF-α. TNF-α was added to the medium at 1µg/ml 1 hour before IR.
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9

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Cell Populations

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Organs were digested by collagenase (Sigma, C2674) in 37 °C for about 1 hour to be disrupted into single cells. Flow cytometric cell sorting was performed using Beckman coulter (gallios). Hematopoietic cells were excluded by sorting with negative CD45 (Biolegend, 103106) and negative Ter119 (BD Biosciences, 563995). DCFH-DA (Thermo Fisher Scientific, D399) and Mitotracker deep red (Thermo Fisher Scientific, M22426) were stained for flow cytometric analysis according to the manufacturer’s instructions. γ-H2AX antibody was stained for flow cytometery after fixation and permeabilization by 4% PFA (Sinopharm chemical reagent, 80096628) and 0.1% saponin (Sigma, 47036). Apoptosis and necrosis were analyzed with flow cytometry by double staining of annexinV and PI (BD Biosciences, 556419) following manufacturer’s instructions. Thymus T cells and NK cells were analyzed with antibodies against in combinations of CD4 (BD Biosicences, 553049) and CD8 (Biolegend, 100706), or CD3 (eBioscience, 11-0032-82) and NK1.1 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, MM6628).
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10

Flow Cytometry Protocol for Murine Immune Cells

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Flow cytometry analysis was performed as described (35 (link)). The BD LSR Fortessa (BD Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany) was used for analysis. Antibodies used to stain cell surface proteins were anti-mouse CD4 (GK1.5), CD8a (53-6.7), CD11b (Mac-1, M1/70), CD25 (PC61.5), CD44 (IM7), CD45R/B220 (RA3-6B2), CD45 (30-F11), CD90.2 (THY1.2, 53-2.1), CD117 (c-KIT, 2B8), CD127 (IL-7Ra, A7R34), GR1 (Ly-6G, RB6-8C5), SCA1 (D7), and TER119 (TER119) and the corresponding isotypes, which were obtained from BD Biosciences or eBiosciences (Frankfurt am Main, Germany).
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