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3 protocols using phospho cofilin s3

1

Protein Analysis of Prostate Cancer Cells

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For protein analysis, RB-proficient and -deficient cells (LNCaP, PC3, LAPC4, C4-2, PC3-ML), RHAMM-overexpressing cells (PC3, LNCaP, PC3-ML), and RHAMM knockdown cells (PC3, PC3-ML, LNCaP) were utilized. Briefly, the cells were harvested by trypsinization, and cell lysis was carried out in RIPA buffer [150 mmol/L NaCl, 1% NP40, 0.5% deoxycholate, 0.1% SDS, 50 mmol/L Tris (pH 8.0)] supplemented with protease inhibitors, phosphatase inhibitors, and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. After brief sonication, lysates were clarified, protein concentrations were determined using Bio-Rad Protein Assay Reagent, and an equal amount of protein was subjected to SDS-PAGE and transferred onto Immobilin-P PVDF transfer membranes (Millipore). The membranes were immunoblotted for RB (BD Biosciences), phospho-RB (phospho-serine 780), RHAMM, GAPDH, F-actin (phalloidin, Invitrogen Inc), cofilin, phospho-cofilin (S3) (Cell Signaling Technology), ROCK II, F-actin, lamin B, E-cadherin, vimentin, E2F1, E2F2, and RNRII (Santa Cruz Biotechnology and Abcam) by standard techniques and visualized using Enhanced Western Lightning Chemiluminescence (Perkin-Elmer Life Sciences). The signals were normalized with the internal control lamin B or GAPDH.
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2

Phospho-protein Western Blot Analysis

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Twenty micrograms of cell lysates were separated using SDS‐PAGE (Mini‐PROTEAN gel electrophoresis cell, Bio‐Rad Laboratories, CA, USA) and transferred onto a methanol‐activated PVDF membrane (Serva Electrophoresis GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany) with a semi‐dry transfer system (Bio‐Rad Laboratories, CA, USA). The membranes were incubated with primary antibodies against MET, phospho‐METY1234/5, AXL, phospho‐AXLY702, phospho‐ERK1/2T202/Y204, phospho‐AktT308, phosho‐AktS473, phosphoS6S235/6, FAK, phosho‐FAKY397, Vinculin, Cofilin, phospho‐CofilinS3, TESK1, phospho‐LIMK1/2T508/T505, beta‐actin and GAPDH (Cell Signalling Technology, NEB, Hitchin, UK), and BCL‐2 (Millipore, Sigma, Germany) with agitation overnight at 4°C. The secondary antibody: horseradish peroxidase (HRP)‐conjugated anti‐rabbit IgG (Cell Signalling Technology, Hitching, UK). Detection was performed via chemiluminescence (Serva Electrophoresis, Heidelberg, Germany).
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3

Characterization of P-Rex1 Signaling Pathway

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The following antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology: P-Rex1 (cat. 13168), Cdc42 (cat. 2462), Ki-67 (cat. 9027), Myc-tag (cat. 2276 S), PAK1/2/3 (cat. 2604), phospho-PAK1 (Thr423)/PAK2 (Thr402) (cat. 2601), LIMK1 (cat. 3842), LIMK2 (cat. 3845), phospho-LIMK1 (Thr508)/LIMK2 (Thr505) (cat. 3841), phospho-Cofilin (S3) (cat. 3313s) and cleaved PARP (cat. 9546s). Flag-tag (cat. F7425), P-Rex1 (cat. SAB2501302) and P-Rex1 (cat. HPA001927) were purchased from Sigma. β-actin (cat. sc-69879), pan 14-3-3 (cat. sc-1657), Cofilin (cat. sc-376476) and phospho-Cofilin (S3) (cat. sc-365882) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. The following antibodies were also used: NRBP1 (Genetex, cat. GTX84007), Rac1 (EMD Millipore, cat. 05-389) and HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies against rabbit and mouse IgG (Bio-Rad, cat. 1706515, 1706516). Western blotting was undertaken as previously described [41 (link)].
N-acetylcysteine (NAC, cat. A7250) and mitomycin C (cat. M4287) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Luciferin (Promega, cat. P1043) was used in animal work.
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