MRM was prepared by acid digestion of RM in 6M HCl at 220 °C, as described elsewhere30 (link). In summary, RM was treated with HCl 37% (Merck) in a microwave digester (Milestone Microwave Digestion System (SK-10) with temperature control, operating at 350W) and precipitated by aqueous ammonia solution (25%, Merck). 25 g of red mud was mixed with 100 ml distilled water followed by addition of 150 ml 6M HCl solution. The solution was digested in a digester for 45 minutes at 220 °C. While stirring the resulting acid treated solution, aqueous ammonia was added until a pH of 8 was reached. The precipitated RM was recovered by centrifugation. After washing the sample several times with distilled water, the sample was dried overnight at 110 °C.
Hcl 37
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, Italy, United States
HCl 37% is a laboratory reagent that is a 37% solution of hydrochloric acid in water. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a pungent odor. The core function of HCl 37% is to serve as a chemical reagent for various laboratory applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Methanol, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Pepsin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Petroleum ether, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Aqueous ammonia solution, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Nitric acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Cadmium chloride cdcl2, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Escherichia coli atcc 25922, by American Type Culture Collection (1 mentions)
Tox7 kit, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
3 4 5 dimethylthiazol 2 yl 2 5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide mtt, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Isopropanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Chloroform, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ctabr, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Nh4oh, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
K2cr2o7, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Na2s2o3, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
K2so4, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
H3bo3, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
15 protocols using hcl 37
1
Acid Digestion of Red Mud Protocol
2
Analysis of Trace Metal Contaminants
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Cadmium chloride (CdCl2, 99%) was purchased from Alpha Aesar (Karisruhe, Germany), thiourea (CH4N2S, 99%) from Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and 2-propanol (2-PrOH) from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland). Mother solution of 2,2 dichloro-propionic acid (dalapon, 2000 ppm in MeOH) was purchased from Restek (Centre County, PA, USA). Acetonitrile (ACN), methanol (MeOH) and formic acid HPLC-MS grade from Merck (Sigma-Aldrich) (Darmstadt, Germany) were used for HPLC-MS analysis. For ICP-MS analysis, HNO3 69% (Suprapur®) was purchased from Merck; HCl 37% (superpure) was purchased from Carlo Erba (Milan, Italy). Cadmium (Cd) Pure Standard, 1000 mg/L in 2% nitric acid (Sigma-Aldrich) was used for preparation of diluted standard solutions for calibration of ICP-MS. All the chemicals were used without further purification.
3
Corrosion Inhibition Study of 5-(4-Pyridyl)-1,3,4-Oxadiazole-2-Thiol
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The corrosive solution (1.0 M HCl) was prepared by dilution of the analytical grade, HCl 37% (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), with distilled water. The investigated organic compound was 5-(4-pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol (PyODT) purchased from Alfa Aesar (97%, Lancashire, UK); its molecular structure is presented in Figure 1 .
The inhibitor-containing electrolytes were prepared by dissolving appropriate weighted amounts of PyODT in a mixture of 1.0 M HCl solution and ethanol (90:10, v/v). The PyODT concentration in the test solution was in the range of 0.1 to 10 mM.
The corrosion tests were conducted on a carbon steel (C-steel) electrode with the following elemental composition (wt.): Mn (0.6%), C (0.32%), Si (0.04%), S (0.029%), P (0.01%) and balance Fe. The metallic cylinder specimen was embedded in epoxy resin (Buhler, Epoxycure, Esslingen am Neckar, Germany), leaving an exposed surface area of 0.5 cm2. Before immersion in the corrosive solution, the C-steel surface was prepared by grinding with a successive grade of silicon carbide papers (from 1200 up to 4000 grit) and then polished with 0.3 μm alumina slurry to obtain a mirror-like surface. Finally, the C-steel electrode was rinsed thoroughly with distilled water, dried at room temperature, and immediately introduced in a glass cell containing 100 mL of electrolyte.
The inhibitor-containing electrolytes were prepared by dissolving appropriate weighted amounts of PyODT in a mixture of 1.0 M HCl solution and ethanol (90:10, v/v). The PyODT concentration in the test solution was in the range of 0.1 to 10 mM.
The corrosion tests were conducted on a carbon steel (C-steel) electrode with the following elemental composition (wt.): Mn (0.6%), C (0.32%), Si (0.04%), S (0.029%), P (0.01%) and balance Fe. The metallic cylinder specimen was embedded in epoxy resin (Buhler, Epoxycure, Esslingen am Neckar, Germany), leaving an exposed surface area of 0.5 cm2. Before immersion in the corrosive solution, the C-steel surface was prepared by grinding with a successive grade of silicon carbide papers (from 1200 up to 4000 grit) and then polished with 0.3 μm alumina slurry to obtain a mirror-like surface. Finally, the C-steel electrode was rinsed thoroughly with distilled water, dried at room temperature, and immediately introduced in a glass cell containing 100 mL of electrolyte.
4
Nematode Larvae Isolation from Organ Samples
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The digestion method proposed by Azizi et al. [4 (link)] and Taira et al. [9 (link)] was used with modification. Briefly, the whole organ was cut into 3 × 5 mm fragments and placed in digestive solution [1 g pepsin (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) and 10 mL HCl 37% (Merck, Germany) in 1000 mL distilled water] under constant stirring with a magnetic stirrer and kept for 2 h at 39 °C to recover the remaining. The sediments were filtered through a system of sieves with 246-μm apertures (60-mesh) and allowed to settle for 40 min at room temperature. After the supernatant was removed, sedimented liquids were poured into tubes and centrifuged for 2 min at 252 g. Each of the sediments was transferred to rectangular plastic Petri dishes (Polystyrene, BIOTEST, Zist-Azmoon, Iran), and the presence of any nematode larvae were monitored under a light microscope (Olympus CX23, Japan).
5
Silica-Based Catalyst Synthesis Protocol
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A mixture of 8.0 mL H2O (1.365 g, 0.076 mol) and 0.185 mL HCl 37% (Merck, Germany) (0.037 g, 0.38 mmol) was added dropwise under continuous stirring to a solution containing 25 mL (2.77 g, 0.019 mol) tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) (Merck, Germany) dissolved in 26 mL (0.776 g, 0.019 mol) ethanol (Bio Lab., Ashkelon, Israel). The mixture was stirred for 10 min, after which 0.028 mol BF3 (Merck, Germany) dissolved in 8.64 mL methanol were added. The solution was stirred for 20 min. The reaction beaker was then covered with parafilm that was punched with a needle and left for gelation, aging and drying for 14 days at room temperature. The dry gel was crushed with a mortar and pestle into a powder and then kept in a vacuum oven (Shel Lab., Cornelius, OR, USA, SVAC1) at 80 °C for 3 h, to ensure complete dryness of the catalyst before use in the esterification processes (Section 3.3 and Section 3.4 ).
6
Synthesis and Characterization of PLGA-based Nanoparticles
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The anhydrous ferric chloride (FeCl3 - anhydrous), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) with a 50:50 lactide:glycolide molar ratio, heptahydrate ferrous sulfate (FeSO4·7H2O), ammonia solution (NH3, 25%), methanol, and isopropanol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). Substances necessary for biological assays, namely Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), antibiotic antimycotic solution, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), and TOX7 kit, were also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). Human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 23235 bacterial strains, and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 fungal strain were acquired from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA).
The fetal bovine serum (FBS) was purchased from Life Technologies, Foster City, CA, USA. Tris (tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, ≥99.5) and HCl 37% were purchased from Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany. Chloroform, used as a solvent for the preparation of MAPLE targets, was also acquired from Merck.
The fetal bovine serum (FBS) was purchased from Life Technologies, Foster City, CA, USA. Tris (tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, ≥99.5) and HCl 37% were purchased from Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany. Chloroform, used as a solvent for the preparation of MAPLE targets, was also acquired from Merck.
7
Iron Oxide Adsorbent Synthesis from Volcanic Ash
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The silica source was obtained from Merapi volcanic ash and purified by existed method in Supplementary 1. FeSO4·7H2O and FeCl3·6H2O used to synthesize Fe3O4 as core adsorbent. HCl 37 %, NaOH, NH4OH, K2Cr2O7, and CTA-Br were purchased from Merck Co. Inc (Germany) without further purification. All solutions were prepared in distilled water.
8
Characterization of Jack Bean Chicken Sausage
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Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis L.) was obtained from the TULSID Farmers Group (Tulakan, Sidowayah), Wonogiri, Central Java, Indonesia. The materials used in chicken sausages were chicken meat obtained from Kranggan Market, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, corn oil (CCO Corn Oil), SPI (MarkSoy 90), and sausage casings (Devro). The chemical materials used in this research, i.e., aquadest, technical n-hexane (Bratachem), NaOH (Merck), HCl 37% (Merck), H 2 SO 4 97% (Merck), K 2 SO 4 (Merck), HgO (Merck), H 3 BO 3 (Merck), Na 2 S 2 O 3 (Merck), BCG-MR (Merck), Ortho Phthalaldehyde (OPA) reagent (Sigma-Aldrich), methanol (Merck), 2mercaptoethanol (Sigma-Aldrich), Brij-30 30% (Merck), potassium borate buffer (Merck), petroleum ether (Merck), filter paper no. 1 (Whatman).
9
Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Natural Compounds
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Methyl jasmonate, 2,2'‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) (ABTS), HCl 37%, 2,4,6‐Tris (2‐pyridyl)‐s‐triazine (TPTZ), DPPH radical (diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl), (+)‐catechin, (−)‐epicatechin, quercetin 3‐O‐glucoside, and transresveratrol were obtained from Sigma‐Aldrich (US). L‐phenylalanine, 2‐methoxyphenol (Guaiacol), pyrocatechol, iron (III) chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3 (6H2O)), potassium persulfate (K₂S₂O₈), iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4 (7H2O)), sodium nitrite, Tween‐80, hydrogen peroxide 30%, Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, and polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVP) were purchased from Merck. Acetonitrile and rutin trihydrate were purchased from CHEMSOLUTE and Fluka, respectively. Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and methanol (all of HPLC grade) were obtained from VWR CHEMICALS. Milli‐Q water was acquired by SG water apparatus.
10
Bioactive Compounds Extraction and Analysis
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Ethyl acetate, petroleum ether (boiling point 40–60 °C), HCl (37%), FeCl2·4H2O, FeCl3·6H2O, butanol, methanol, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Munich, Germany). Folin–Ciocalteau reagent, vanillin and hydrogen peroxide solution (30% w/w) were purchased from Sigma (Steinheim, Germany), and potassium phosphate (monobasic and dibasic), sodium carbonate and quercetin from Fluka (Buchi, Switzerland). Trichloroacetic acid (TCA), gallic acid and catechin were obtained from Riedel-de Haen (Seelze, Germany), and ascorbic acid from Panreac (Barcelona, Spain).
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