The qPCR reaction was performed in triplicate for each sample at a volume of 20 μl per well. Each qPCR reaction contained 2 μl diluted sample DNA (varying concentrations of DNA tested as described below), 10 μl Power-SYBR Green Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Master Mix (Applied Biosystems), 6 μl PCR water, and 2 μl primer mix containing 10 nM forward and reverse primers. qPCR reactions were performed on Applied Biosystems QuantStudio5 using MicroAmp Optical 384-Well Reaction Plates. The real-time PCR conditions were the following: initial denaturation 2 minutes at 50°C ramp to 95°C for 10 minutes followed by 40 amplification cycles of (95°C for 15 seconds denaturation ramp down to 60°C for 60 secs for annealing and extension) followed by a final 95°C for 15 second hold. The cycle threshold values (Ct values) were determined automatically via QuantStudio Design & Analysis software.
To optimize the qPCR methods, we tested several primer sets detecting both mtDNA and nDNA. Primer sets tested are reported in