Total RNA from muscle tissue models was extracted using
FastPrep FP120(Qbiogene, USA) homogenization for frozen samples in combination with the
RNeasy kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). Total RNA from tendon models was
extracted using
Freezer/Mill 6870 (SPEXSamplePrep; Metuchen, NJ, USA) and
TRIZOL (ThermoFisher) extraction. RNA expressions were determined by
quantitative PCR (qPCR) using the High Capacity cDNA kit (Lithuana),
Universal PCR Master mix, and corresponding
TaqMan Assays, all from Applied
Biosystems (
USA). Muscle gene expressions were normalized using
the geomean of 18S RNA, GAPDH, TBP, and β2M housekeeping gene expressions.
Tenomodulin expression was normalized using Eif4a2 housekeeping gene
expression. Three tissue models were analyzed per time point, with the
exception of day 4 muscle proliferation models (
n = 2).
Mean and standard error of mean (SEM) were calculated. qPCR analysis has
been repeated three times for muscle and tendon tissue models in independent
experiments to verify reproducibility of differentiation and tissue
engineering.
Laternser S., Keller H., Leupin O., Rausch M., Graf-Hausner U, & Rimann M. (2018). A Novel Microplate 3D Bioprinting Platform for the Engineering of Muscle and Tendon Tissues. Slas Technology, 23(6), 599-613.