Blood samples were collected by tail-vein bleeding. Serum creatinine was measured using an i-STAT 1 Analyzer (Abbott, Kyoto, Japan).
I stat 1 analyzer
Manufactured by Abbott
Sourced in Japan, United States
The I-STAT 1 Analyzer is a compact, handheld device used for performing a variety of diagnostic tests. It is designed to provide rapid, on-site analysis of blood samples, offering healthcare professionals quick access to critical patient information.
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24 protocols using i stat 1 analyzer
1
Serum Creatinine Measurement by i-STAT Analyzer
2
Arterial Blood Gas Monitoring During Mechanical Ventilation
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Arterial blood samples were collected every 2 hours for blood gas analysis during mechanical ventilation. Ventilator settings were adjusted according to blood gas results to maintain appropriate PaO2 and PaCO2. Blood gas analysis was performed using an i-STAT1 Analyzer (Abbott, Kyoto, Japan). Blood cell counts were performed using an automatic blood cell analyzer Pentra MS CRP (HORIBA Medical, Kyoto, Japan).
3
Arterial Blood Sampling and Analysis
4
Blood Gas and Lactate Measurement
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At the end of the experiments, blood samples were collected in tubes with EDTA for anticoagulation. Then, blood gas analysis and the measurements of serum lactate were performed. Arterial pH, PaO2, PaCO2, HCO3–, and lactate were measured using a portable device (i–STAT1Analyzer, Abbott, Kyoto, Japan).
5
Arterial Blood Analysis Procedure
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During the course of this study arterial whole blood samples were taken for measurements of pH, pO2, pCO2, glucose and lactate levels, and hematocrit using an iSTAT1 Analyzer and CG4+ and CG8+ cartridges (Abbott Laboratories, East Windsor, NJ). Values for glucose and lactate are reported as mg/dL and mmol/L, and for pO2 and pCO2 as mm Hg. Minimum detection levels for pH, pO2 and pCO2, glucose and lactate values were, respectively, 0.01, 0.1 mm Hg, 0.1 mm Hg, 0.2 mg/dL and 0.01 mmol/L.
6
Handheld Whole Blood Analysis Protocol
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Approximately 0.2 to 0.5 mL of blood was collected from the brachial vein with no anticoagulant into a disposable 1 cc syringe. Samples were evaluated with the handheld i-STAT®1 analyzer (Abbot Laboratories) and CG8+ cartridges (Abbott Laboratories), which were kept refrigerated until transported and stored on ice in coolers on the farm. The CG8+ cartridges provide values for sodium (Na mmol/L), potassium (K mmol/L), ionized calcium (iCa mmol/L), glucose (Glu mg/dl), hematocrit (Hct % Packed Cell Volume [PCV ]), pH, partial pressure carbon dioxide (PCO2 mm Hg), partial pressure oxygen (PO2 mm Hg), total concentration carbon dioxide (TCO2 mmol/L), bicarbonate (HCO3 mmol/L), base excess (BE mmol/L), oxygen saturation (sO2 %), and hemoglobin (Hb g/dl). Blood samples were tested immediately after collection. The needle was removed and a few drops of blood were discarded before dispensing one drop of whole blood to the CG8+ cartridge, sealing the cartridge port, and inserting the cartridge into the hand-held unit (i-STAT®1 operating manual). Performance of the iSTAT instrument was verified daily as specified by the manufacturer. The instrument will not function outside the manufacturer's specified temperature range. If one or more values did not register on a cartridge for a given sample, the entire data set was not utilized in the analysis.
7
Hemorrhagic Shock in Rabbit Model
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After confirming that the rabbits’ systemic hemodynamics and ocular circulation state were stable for approximately 30 min, the experiments were initiated. To induce hemorrhagic shock, blood was continuously removed from the central venous catheter (4-Fr. ga.) at the rate of 1 mL/min for 30 min. At the end of the 30-min blood removal period, an observation was conducted for 20 min, and heparinized blood was returned via the left auricular vein for 15 min (2 mL/min). After returning 30 mL of blood, another observation was conducted for 15 min. After completing the experiments, the rabbits were sacrificed using a rapid intravenous injection of saturated potassium chloride. Systemic hemodynamic parameters were measured simultaneously every 2 min during the observation periods and every 1 min during the blood removal and return periods. In addition, Hb (g/dL), Lac (mmol/L), ScvO2 (%), and creatinine (mg/dL) were measured using a blood analyzer (i-STAT 1 Analyzer®, Abbott, Chicago, IL). Blood samples (0.5 mL/time) were collected at six time points: at the beginning of blood removal, 15 min after the start of blood removal, the end of blood removal, the beginning of blood return, the end of blood return, and the end of the experiment.
8
Measuring IAP, APP, and pHi in Animal Study
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The IAP was measured via the direct transperitoneal route with a Jackson-Pratt catheter inserted into the abdominal cavity, and indirectly via the transvesical route with a urinary catheter connected to a Foley Manometer as previously described [29 (link), 30 (link)]. The IAP was controlled and adjusted each time it was necessary to maintain the pressure constant in each group.
The APP was indirectly calculated from the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and IAP according to the formula: APP = MAP- IAP [15 (link), 31 (link)]. MAP were recorded using a 5F thermistor-tipped 10 fiber optic catheter (PV2015L20N; PULSION Medical System®, Munich, Germany) placed in the abdominal aorta via the femoral artery.
The pHi was indirectly calculated according to the formula pHi = pHa + LOG (PaCO2/PgCO2). The arterial pH (pHa) and arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) were recorded from arterial blood gas analysis on samples from the common carotid artery (i- Stat 1 Analyzer, i–Stat Cartridge EG6 + Cartridge, Abbott, USA). Continuous gastric tonometry was used to measure gastric CO2 pressure (PgCO2) [17 , 19 (link)] (14F Tonometrics TM Catheter, Datex Ohmeda Tonometrics, Helsinki, Finland).
The Lc was used to assess the presence of anaerobic metabolism (2300 Metrolab Random Access Clinical Analyzer, Argentina).
The APP was indirectly calculated from the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and IAP according to the formula: APP = MAP- IAP [15 (link), 31 (link)]. MAP were recorded using a 5F thermistor-tipped 10 fiber optic catheter (PV2015L20N; PULSION Medical System®, Munich, Germany) placed in the abdominal aorta via the femoral artery.
The pHi was indirectly calculated according to the formula pHi = pHa + LOG (PaCO2/PgCO2). The arterial pH (pHa) and arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) were recorded from arterial blood gas analysis on samples from the common carotid artery (i- Stat 1 Analyzer, i–Stat Cartridge EG6 + Cartridge, Abbott, USA). Continuous gastric tonometry was used to measure gastric CO2 pressure (PgCO2) [17 , 19 (link)] (14F Tonometrics TM Catheter, Datex Ohmeda Tonometrics, Helsinki, Finland).
The Lc was used to assess the presence of anaerobic metabolism (2300 Metrolab Random Access Clinical Analyzer, Argentina).
9
Rapid blood analysis in chickens
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At 47 days of age, 1 ml of blood was drawn from the brachial wing vein of each bird using a 3 ml syringe with 23-gauge needle that had been prepared by aspirating and expelling a small volume of liquid heparin prior to blood collection. The blood was deposited immediately into a new i-STAT CG8 + cartridge inserted in the i-STAT 1 Analyzer (model 300A, Abbott Point of Care Inc., Princeton, NJ, United States) to perform rapid blood analysis. While designed for clinical use in humans, the i-STAT system’s performance in Gallus gallus has been demonstrated in previous studies (Steinmetz et al., 2007 (link); Livingston et al., 2019a (link)). CG8 + test cartridges were used to test blood chemistry parameters including sodium (Na+), K+, ionized calcium (iCa), and glucose (Glu); hematologic parameters Hct and hemoglobin (Hb); and blood gas parameters including pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), TCO2, HCO3–, BE, oxygen saturation (sO2), and pO2. After all measurements were completed, data was downloaded from the analyzer and consolidated for statistical analysis. Body weight at 47 days was also measured at this time.
10
Hemodynamic and Metabolic Monitoring
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Serum creatinine and lactate concentrations and hemodynamic parameters were measured with the i-STAT 1 analyzer (Abbott Laboratories) at 3 and 6 h after the start of the experiments. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured continuously with the Small Animal Physiological Monitoring System (Harvard Apparatus, Holliston, Mass).
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