Antibiotics mixture

Silibinin, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), propidium iodide (PI), glutathione (GSH), N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA), and K252a were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO) and an enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) kit was purchased from Amersham (Arlington Heights, IL, USA). 6-Carboxy-2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (H₂DCFDA), dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide (DiOC₆), ER tracker, and Fluo 3-AM were purchased from Molecular Probes (Eugene, OR, USA). PD98059, SP600125, SB239063, z-VAD-fmk, and z-IETD-fmk were purchased from Calbiochem (San Diego, CA, USA). RPMI1640 medium, fetal bovine serum (FBS), and antibiotics mixture were purchased from WelGENE (Daegu, Republic of Korea). Antibodies against caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, β-actin, nucleolin, DR5, Sp1, IAP-1, IAP-2, Bcl-2, Bax, phospho (p)-PERK, PERK, p-eIF2α, eIF2α, ATF4, and CHOP were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA). Peroxidase-labeled donkey anti-rabbit and sheep anti-mouse immunoglobulin, and recombinant human TRAIL/Apo2 ligand (the nontagged 19-kDa protein, amino acids 114–281) purchased from KOMA Biotechnology. DR5/Fc chimera protein was purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN).

CPT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), propidium iodide, glutathione (GSH), N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), MG132, 3-methyladenine (3MA), and bafilomycin A1 (BAF) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO) and an enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) kit was purchased from Amersham (Arlington Heights, IL). RPMI 1640 medium, fetal bovine serum (FBS), and antibiotics mixture was purchased from WelGENE (Daegu, Republic of Korea). PD98059, SP600125, and SB239063 were purchased from Calbiochem (San Diego, CA). Antibodies against Cdk2, cyclin B1, p21, β-actin, Nrf2, nucleolin, phospho (p)-ATM (Ser¹⁹⁸¹), ATM, Chk1, Chk2, p-Chk2 (Thr⁶⁸), Cdc25c, p-Cdc25C (Ser²¹⁶), ubiquitin, procaspase-3, procaspase-9, Cdk2, Bad, Beclin-1, LC3, and Atg-7 were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA). Antibodies against p-histone (H)-3, p-ERK, ERK, p-p38, p38, p-JNK, and JNK were purchased from Cell Signal (Beverly, MA). Peroxidase-labeled donkey anti-rabbit and sheep anti-mouse immunoglobulin were purchased from Koma Biotechnology (Seoul, South Korea).

Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS) and antibiotics mixture were purchased from WELGENE (Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea). Kojic acid (KA), phenylthiourea (PTU), mushroom tyrosinase, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), α-MSH and PD98059 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Antibodies against tyrosinase, MITF, ERK, phospho-ERK (p-ERK) and anti-β-actin were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Peroxidase-labeled anti-rabbit and anti-mouse immunoglobulins were obtained from KOMA BIOTECH (Seoul, Korea). All other chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Anthocyanin powder of H. sabdariffa L. from Egypt was purchased from Shin Young Hub (Seoul, Korea).