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10 protocols using anti dsred antibody

1

Detection of Serum Anti-DsRed Antibodies

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Serum anti-DsRed antibodies were detected using the Amplex ELISA Development Kit for Mouse IgG with Amplex UltraRed reagent (Life Technologies). Corning 96-well ELISA plates were coated with 10 μg/ml recombinant DsRed (Clontech) and incubated overnight at 4°C. The next day plates were washed 3 times with PBS containing 0.1% Tween-20 and blocked overnight at 4°C with PBS containing 1% bovine serum albumin. All serum samples were then diluted serially (3-fold dilutions) from 1:10 to 1:1,771,470 and incubated for 1 h at room temperature (RT) on the DsRed coated plates. An anti-DsRed antibody (Clontech) was used as a positive control for this assay and an anti-GFP antibody (Clontech) was used as a negative control. Afterward, plates were washed 3× with PBS/Tween-20 and incubated for 30 min at RT with 50 ng/ml of goat anti-mouse IgG horseradish peroxidase, washed 3× with PBS/Tween-20, and incubated for 30 minutes with Amplex Red at RT in a dark chamber. Fluorescence was quantified using a Varioskan Flash fluorometer (530 nm excitation; 590 nm emission) (ThermoScientific).
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2

Fixation and Immunostaining of Fly Brains

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We dissected fly brains in S2 medium at room temperature and fixed them in 1% paraformaldehyde at 4 °C overnight. Fixed brains were washed 3 times for 30–60 min with PAT3 (0.5% Triton X-100 and 0.5% bovine serum albumin in phosphate buffered saline), then blocked with 3% NGS in PAT3 for 1.5 h at room temperature. We incubated brains with primary and secondary antibodies as previously described43 , and mounted them in VectaShield (Vector Labs). For co-labelling tdTomato with GFP (Extended Data Figs 4e, f, 7), we used anti-DsRed antibody (Clontech) at 1:1,000. For the multicolour flip-out experiments (Extended Data Fig. 4g-l, Supplementary Information Table 1), we used antibodies as previously described43 . We imaged the central complex using a 40× 1.20NA objective on a Zeiss LSM780 confocal microscope with 0.58 or 1.0 μm separating each optical slice.
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3

Immunostaining of Transgenic Hydra Embryos

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The NvElav1::mOrange transgenic embryos were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde/PBT for 1 h at room temperature and stained using anti-DsRed antibody (1:300 dilution)(Clontech), as was previously reported14 (link). For neuropeptide staining, embryos and primary polyps were fixed by Zamboni’s fixative o/n at 4 °C. After permeabilization in PBS+0.1% Triton X-100, specimens were blocked with blocking solution (10 mg ml−1 BSA+5% normal goat serum in PBS), incubated with anti-FMRFamide antibody (1:600 dilution) (Sigma) or anti-GLWamide antibody (1:400 dilution) (a gift from Dr Koizumi) in the blocking solution containing 0.1% Triton X-100, and then with Alexa488- or Alexa568-conjugated anti-Rabbit antibody (1:800 dilution) (Invitrogen). Specimens were imaged using a Nikon ECLIPSE 80i fluorescent microscope equipped with DIGITAL SIGH DSU1 (Nikon). For confocal microscopy, a fluorescent microscope ECLIPSE Ti (Nikon) equipped with an A1R MP confocal scanner (Nikon) was used.
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4

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Zebrafish Hearts

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IHC of embryonic zebrafish hearts for quantification of cardiomyocytes was performed as previously described38 (link). Primary antibodies used were: Amhc (Atrial myosin heavy chain; University of Iowa Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank) and Living Colors® polyclonal anti-DsRed antibody (Clontech). Secondary antibodies used were anti-mouse IgG1-FITC (Southern Biotech) and anti-rabbit IgG-TRITC (Southern Biotech). A Zeiss M2BioV_12 Stereo microscope was used to image hearts. Additional antibody information is included in Supplementary Table 2.
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5

Protein-Protein Interaction Screening

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To study protein-protein interactions, MDCK cells were transduced using the lentiviral pRRL.SIN.cPPT.PGK/WPRE vector backbone to stably express cystinosin-GFP.51 (link) Co-immunoprecipitation was performed as described in Supplementary Methods. Co-immunoprecipitated proteins were resolved by sodium dodecylsulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and analyzed by mass spectrometry, LTQ Orbitrap as already described.19 (link)293T cells expressing Gal-3–GFP and MCP-1–DsRed or Gal-3–GFP and CTNS-DsRed were used for co-immunoprecipitation as described in Supplementary Methods. Co-immunoprecipitated proteins were resolved by SDS-PAGE, and Gal-3–binding MCP-1 was detected using anti-DsRed antibody (Clontech Laboratories, Mountain View, CA).
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6

ChIP Assay for p21 Promoter Analysis

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Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays using anti-DsRed antibody (Clontech) and quantification of precipitated DNA were performed as described previously [21 (link)]. Primers used were: p21(−2000), gcgacagggctgggatctgatgc and ccagacacactctaagggaggac; p21(−1500), gcagtggggcttagagtgggg and gcagacccccttggcctgcctcg; p21(−1000), ggtagatgggagcggatagacac and gcctcctgcccggggctctctgc; p21(−500), gttggggtgtctaggtgctccag and caccgctgacccactctggcaggc; p21(−1), ggccccggggagggcggtc and gatatacaaccgccccgcc.
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7

BrdU Labeling and TUNEL Assay in Zebrafish

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BrdU (B5002, Sigma-Aldrich) was dissolved in PBS to a stock concentration of 10 mg/ml. A total of 166.7 μg BrdU per gram of body weight was intraperitoneally injected for five consecutive days at different desired stages. At 6 dpi, injected fish were sacrificed, and the brains were dissected for further cryo-section. For each fish, two adjacent brain section slices were collected separately on two slides and were subjected to anti-BrdU and TUNEL staining, respectively.
BrdU staining was performed as previously reported (60 (link)). TUNEL assay was performed using Click-iT Plus TUNEL assay (Invitrogen, C10619). Subsequent immunostaining was performed as previously described (61 (link)). Primary antibodies used in this study are anti-GFP antibody (ab6658, Abcam), anti-DsRed antibody (632496, Clontech), anti-BrdU antibody (11170376001, Roche), anti–caspase 3 antibody (559565, BD Biosciences), and anti-Lcp1 antibody (30 (link)). The secondary antibodies used in this study are Alexa 488 anti-goat antibody (A11055, Invitrogen), Alexa 555 anti-rabbit antibody (A31572, Invitrogen), and Alexa 647 anti-mouse antibody (A31571, Invitrogen).
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8

Quantifying Proliferation in Lateral Line

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Embryos were anaesthetized by immersion in Tricaine and injected directly in to the yolk mass with 5 nl of 5 mM 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) in 0.15x Danieau's solution at 52 hpf. They were then incubated at room temperature for 1 h to enable EdU incorporation prior to overnight fixation in 4% paraformaldehyde. Fixed embryos were stored in methanol for at least 24 hours, then rehydrated and permeabilised in acetone at -20ºC for 10 min. EdUlabeled cells were detected using a Click-iT EdU Alexa Fluor 647 imaging kit (Life Technologies). mRFP was subsequently immunostained using a rabbit polyclonal anti-DsRed antibody (Clontech) and Alexa Fluor 488 goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody (Life Technologies). Fluorescence was visualized using a Leica TCS SP5 II confocal microscope.
EdU-labelled cells were counted in 100 µm segments along the posterior lateral line nerve (PLLn) in 3 specimens per group. Graphpad Prism was used to calculate mean cell counts ± S.E.M. and statistical significance determined using a Mann-Whitney U test.
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9

Fluorescent Visualization of GLP-1R Expression in Brain Vasculature

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Mice expressing fluorescently tagged GLP-1R (Glp1r-cre/tdRFP) [16 (link), 71 (link)] were used to determine the expression of the receptor by the brain blood vessels. The animals were terminally anaesthetised with sodium pentobarbital overdose (200 mg kg−1; i.p.) and perfused through the heart with 0.01 M phosphate-buffered saline. The brains were removed and fixed overnight in 4% paraformaldehyde. Free-floating sections (20 µm thickness) were incubated (overnight at 4 °C) with anti-DsRed antibody (1:500) (Takara Bio) to detect GLP-1R expressing cells and anti-smooth muscle actin (SMA) antibody conjugated to FITC (1:350) (Sigma) for the detection of arteries and arterioles. Incubation with anti-rabbit AlexaFluor 568 (1:200, 2 h) was performed on the next day, followed by endothelial cell labelling using biotinylated lectin (1:250, 30 min) (Vector Biolabs), visualised using AMCA streptavidin (1:100, 1 h) (Vector Biolabs). Tiled images of coronal cortical cross-sections were obtained using Zeiss LSM 800 confocal microscope.
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10

Viral Transduction Characterization in Avian Brains

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To examine the efficacy in targeting and expression of viral injections, birds were perfused with warm saline followed by ice cold 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 mol/L phosphate buffer, and their brains extracted for histological analysis. Characterization of viral transfection was carried out using immunohistological methods described by Miller et al. (2008). AAV‐driven expression of mCherry required immunostaining with an anti‐dsRED antibody (#632496; Takara Bio USA Inc, Mountain View, CA) for visualization. HSV‐driven expression could typically be visualized without an immunostaining experiment (indicative of greater transduction levels than those achieved with AAV) but one was often done to boost native fluorescence. Brains were sectioned on a crysostat (Leica Microsystems, Bannockburn, IL) at a thickness of 30 μm.
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