In the main experiment, subjects received tactile paired-pulse stimulation to analyze the sensory gating mechanism. For this purpose, stimulation consisted of two identical non-painful pneumatic stimuli (S1 and S2) of 100 ms duration that were delivered to both forefingers. Stimulation was applied with a constant pressure of 2 bars, a randomized inter stimulus interval of 550 ms (± 50 ms) and separated by a fixed interval of 12 s. The pneumatic stimulator was used in previous research (e.g., Montoya et al., 2006 (link)) and consisted of a small membrane attached to the body surface by a plastic clip and fixated with adhesive strips. Forty trials were presented in a single run session by using Presentation software (Version 18.3, Neurobehavioral Systems, Inc., Berkeley, CA, USA, www.neurobs.com ).
Presentation software version 18
Manufactured by Neurobehavioral Systems
Sourced in United States
Presentation software (Version 18.0) is a digital tool designed for creating and delivering multimedia presentations. It provides a range of features, including slide creation, text formatting, image and video integration, as well as presentation delivery options.
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Lab products found in correlation
7 protocols using presentation software version 18
1
Tactile Paired-Pulse Stimulation for Sensory Gating
2
Resting-State fMRI Acquisition and Structural Imaging
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The MRI measurements took place on a separate day in close proximity to the behavioral assessment. Imaging data were acquired on a 3T whole-body Siemens Magnetom Prisma MRI machine with a 20-channel head coil. Resting state fMRI data were recorded with an ascending echo planar imaging sequence (320 T2*-weighted volumes, TR = 1500 ms, TE = 30 ms, voxel size = 2.2 × 2.2 × 3 mm, 25 slices). Participants had to fixate a white fixation dot that was presented on a black screen. The fixation dot was presented with the Presentation software (version 18.3, Neurobehavioral Systems) via a projector behind the bore of the MRI (DATAPixx2, VPixx Technologies Inc.). Anatomical images were acquired with a 3-D T1-weighted sequence (MP-RAGE, TR = 2000, TE = 2.07, flip angle = 9°, voxel size = 0.75 mm, field of view = 240 × 240, 224 sagittal slices).
3
Counterbalanced Experimental Paradigms
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All participants underwent the same three experimental paradigms measured within one experimental session. Prior to each paradigm, participants were trained for the respective task rules; first independently and then in task-specific combined training runs resembling the actual experimental runs. The order of paradigms was counterbalanced across individuals. For each paradigm, four pseudo-randomly ordered trial sequences were generated and equally distributed across participants. Participants were seated in a darkened room in front of a 22” monitor, and responded with their left and right middle and index fingers. Since we were interested in individual differences, the hand–task assignment for all participants was kept constant to avoid introducing additional sources of variance (Goodhew & Edwards, 2019 (link)). Responses were logged from four buttons on a regular PC keyboard; experiments were controlled using Presentation Software (Version 18.3, Neurobehavioral Systems, Inc., Berkeley, CA, www.neurobs.com ).
4
Multimodal Neuroimaging Protocol for Stroke
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MRI was performed using a 3 T MRI scanner (Discovery MR750, GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI) and a 12‐channel head coil. Anatomical images were acquired using a 3D fast spoiled gradient recalled echo imaging sequence (TR: 6.7 ms, TE: 2.9 ms, matrix: 256 × 256, FA: 10, 1 × 1 × 1 mm voxel size). For resting‐state fMRI, 150 volumes (5 min) of T2*‐weighted images were acquired using a gradient echo, echo planar imaging sequence (slice thickness: 4 mm; gap: 0 mm, TR/TE: 2000/30 ms; FA: 70°; matrix: 64 × 64; FOV: 24 cm, voxel size = 3.75 × 3.75 × 4 mm). Participants were instructed to lie still, think of nothing in particular, and fixate their gaze on a visual fixation cross via a mirror mounted on the head coil that permitted viewing of a projection screen at the back of the MR scanner. The fixation cross was presented using Presentation software (Version 18.0, Neurobehavioral Systems, Inc., Berkeley, CA, www.neurobs.com ). Clinically acquired 3D T2‐weighted fluid‐attenuated inversion‐recovery (FLAIR) sequences, diffusion weighted images (DWI), and occasionally CT scans, were obtained for stroke participants and used for lesion delineation only. These were acquired in a separate session by their treating clinician and were not repeated during the research scan due to time constraints.
5
Visual Stimulus Presentation and Response Collection
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In the experiment, a computer with Presentation software (Version 18.0, Neurobehavioral Systems, Inc., Berkeley, CA1 ) was in front of the experimenter. This computer delivered visual instructions and visual stimuli to a connected 24″ screen located 80 cm in front of the participants. The participant’s responses were collected using the same software by a computer keyboard placed in front of the participant. The response keys on the keyboard were “D,” “F,” “G,” or “H” and were provided with a colored sticker. It was not specified to the participant which letter were placed under the stickers. All other keys on the keyboard were hidden.
6
Multimodal Conditioning with Thermal Stimuli
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The Presentation software, version 18.0 (Neurobehavioral Systems, Inc, Berkeley, CA, https://www.neurobs.com ), was used to present visual (including the VAS) and thermal stimuli and to record behavioral data. Geometrical figures with softened edges (color: RBG code 142, 180, 227) on a black background (rectangle: visual angle 8.3 × 3.14°, square: visual angle 4.99 × 4.99°, and rhombus: visual angle 7.38 × 5.36°) were presented on a computer screen positioned in front of the participant and served as CS. Heat pain stimuli, which served as US, were applied using a thermal device (PATHWAY system, model CHEPS, 27 mm diameter; Medoc, Israel), which was attached to the left volar forearm by an elastic tape. Baseline temperature was set to 35°C. Rates for heating and cooling were set to maximum (70 and 40°C/s, respectively). Total stimulation time was 2.5 seconds.
7
EEG Recording Using a Brain Vision Amplifier
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For collecting EEG data brain vision amplifier was used. The data was recorded using 32 capmounted electrodes (by Easy CAP GmbH; EEG Recording Caps and Related Products) with eye electrodes. There was no bandpass filter. In this study the grounding was on the forehead (Afz) and reference was on the position of FCz. Grounding and reference were lower than 2 KΩ where other electrodes were 10 KΩ or less in impendence.
In the recording section there was a 14 inches VGA color monitor computer which was synchronized with the monitor retrace rate of 60 Hz. The software used in stimulus presentation and data collection was presentation software (Version 18.0, Neurobehavioral Systems, Inc., Berkeley, CA).
In the recording section there was a 14 inches VGA color monitor computer which was synchronized with the monitor retrace rate of 60 Hz. The software used in stimulus presentation and data collection was presentation software (Version 18.0, Neurobehavioral Systems, Inc., Berkeley, CA).
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