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5 protocols using hek293 cells

1

Modulating CB1 receptor internalization

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HEK293 cells (ATCC) were maintained in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS and
3.5 mg ml−lglucose at
37 °C in 5% CO2. Transfection was carried out
using lipofectamine (Life Technologies) according to the
manufacturer’s instructions. Twenty-four hours post transfection,
cells were washed and incubated for an additional 18 h in serum-free
growth media. siRNA (Qiagen) transfection was carried out as previously
described28 (link). Briefly, HEK293 cells that were
40–50% confluent in a six-well plate were transfected with the
plasmid encoding rat CB1 and
2.6 mg of siRNA (Qiagen) sequences targeting β-arrestin 1, β-arrestin 2 or non-silencing
RNA duplex for control. Silencing of β-arrestin 1 and β-arrestin 2 expression was
assessed by immunoblotting using anti-β-arrestin 1 (1:2,000; EMD Millipore, Billerica,
MA, USA) and anti-β-arrestin
2 (1:1,000; Novus Biologicals, Littleton, CO, USA)
antibodies, respectively. For the dominant-negative dynamin 2 experiments, the
dynamin 2 K44A mutant was
generated by site-directed mutagenesis (Stratagene, La Jolla, CA, USA) using the
human dynamin 2 cloned into
the pmCherryN1 vector (Addgene, Cambridge, MA, USA). HEK293 cells were
co-transfected with SEP-CB1R
and K44A dynamin 1-mCherry
cDNAs using lipofectamine described above.
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2

Activin A/B Inhibition Assay in HEK293 Cells

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Human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells stably expressing the SMAD‐binding element 12 (SBE12) luciferase system were purchased from Qiagen. They were seeded about 75,000 cells/well/100 μl Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium/Ham's F12 (Life Technologies) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) into a 96‐well plate. After overnight incubation at 37°C with 5% CO2, the medium was replaced with fresh medium containing 1% FBS. activin A or activin B antibody was serially diluted (1:3) in the medium containing 1% FBS to produce the following titration range: 0.01 ng/ml to 1771.5 ng/ml. A total of 50 μl of each concentration was then mixed with an equal volume of 30 ng/ml of activin A or activin B (R&D Systems) and incubated at room temperature for 30 min. After that, the mixture was added to individual wells and incubated for 24 h. Subsequently, cells were washed once with phosphate‐buffered saline and subjected to lysis. Luminescence was measured using a GeniosPRO instrument (Tecan) with substrate injection (Luciferase Reporter Gene Assay Kit; Roche). Relative luciferase units were measured, and IC50 curves were fitted using GraphPad Prism software (GraphPad Software).
Cell culture, microarray analysis, and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction are described in the Supporting Information.
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3

HEK293 Cell Transfection Protocol

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HEK293 cells were from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Cells were mycoplasma negative. Cells were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 0.1 mg ml−1 streptomycin and 100 U ml−1 penicillin at 37 °C, 5% (vol/vol) CO2. HEK293 cells were seeded at a density of 2.5 × 105 cells per well onto six-well plates containing 24-mm round glass coverslips and allowed to grow for 24 h, after which they were transfected with the Effectene transfection kit (Qiagen) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.
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4

Transient Expression of Sigmar1 Splice Variants in HEK293 Cells

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HEK293 cells (ATCC) were maintained in DME/NEAA-F12 plus high glucose medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum at 37°C in a 5% CO2/95% air humidified atmosphere. To express the Sigmar1 splice variants in HEK293 cells, the DNA fragments in pCRII-TOPO were subcloned into pcDNA3.1 or pcDNA3.1/Zeo vector (Invitrogen) with appropriate restriction enzyme sites. Carboxyl (C)-terminal HA tagged variant constructs were made using PCR with primers containing an HA tag sequence and subsequently subcloning the PCR fragments into pcDNA3.1 or pcDNA3.1/Zeo vector. The resulting plasmids were transiently transfected into HEK293 cells using Effectene reagent (Qiagen) for binding studies. For dimerization studies, the HA-tagged Sigmar1 variant constructs were transiently co-transfected with the Flag-tagged mMOR-1/pcDNA3.1 construct (mMOR-1/Flag) in HEK293 cells [30 ]. To examine the effect of Sigmar1 variants on dimerization of mMOR-1 and mSigmar1, equal amounts of mMOR-1/Flag and HA-tagged mSigmar1 (mSIG-1/HA) constructs were transiently co-transfected together with varying amounts of untagged mSigmar1 variants in HEK293 cells. The transfected cells were harvested 48 hours after transfection for immunoprecipitation (IP) studies.
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5

Transient Transfection of HEK-293 Cells

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HEK-293 cells (ATCC) were maintained in 75-cm2 cell culture flasks in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium/F-12 media with Glutamax (Invitrogen) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin/streptomycin. Cells were prepared for transfection by plating onto 6-well plates at the time of splitting, 2–3 d before transfection. They were transfected at ∼60% confluence. For transient expression in HEK-293 cells, we used ∼0.5 µg P2X4-pHluorin plasmid and the Effectene transfection reagent (QIAGEN). When P2X4-pHluorins were screened by electrophysiology, plasmids encoding control WT P2X4 or P2X4-pHluorins were cotransfected with 0.1 µg tdTomato reporter in pcDNA3.1. For the colocalization study of P2X4-pHluorin123 with organelle markers, HEK-293 cells were cotransfected with 400 ng P2X4-pHluorin123 and 25 ng PM-mcherry, 25 ng DsRed2-ER, or 50 ng Lamp1-RFP. The manufacturer’s instructions (QIAGEN) were followed for the transfections. Cells were gently dispersed and plated on poly-d-lysine–coated glass coverslips before physiological evaluations (Egan and Khakh, 2004 (link)).
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