Statistical package for the social sciences spss version 17.0 for windows

Continuous parametric variables are expressed as the means ± standard deviations (SDs), and continuous nonparametric variables are presented as the medians with interquartile ranges (25th and 75th percentiles). Categorical variables are given as numbers (n) or percentages (%). Between-group comparisons of continuous variables were performed using Student’s t-test or the Mann–Whitney U-test, and Pearson’s chi-squared or Fisher’s exact test was used to compare categorical variables. Three-group comparisons were conducted using one-way ANOVA or the Kruskal–Wallis H-test for continuous variables and Pearson’s chi-square or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables. Logistic regression analyses and a forward stepwise selection method were performed to identify the effect of AKI on peri-intubation complications. Statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 17.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). A P–value<0.05 was considered indicative of statistical significance.

Continuous variables are presented as the mean ± standard deviations, or medians (25%–75% interquartile range), depending on the variable distribution. Discrete variables are presented as counts or percentages. Between-group comparisons were performed using Student’s t-test or the Mann–Whitney U-test. Correlations between potential factors were assessed using Pearson’s chi-squared or Fisher’s exact test. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed with forward variable selection, with the exit criterion set at P<0.25. A P-value <0.05 was considered to reflect statistical significance. Statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 17.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).