Using the standard protocol for neonatal brain imaging previously described by our institution,18 (link) a 1.5 T clinical scanner (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) was used to perform all brain MRI studies. Sequences included isotropic three dimensional (3D)-T1-weighted and axial T2-weighted images, a single-shot spin echo, echo planar axial DTI sequence with diffusion gradients along 20 non-collinear directions (effective high b-value of 800 s/mm2) and susceptibility weighted imaging. An additional measurement without diffusion weighting (b=0 s/mm2) was performed. The following parameters were used for DTI acquisition: repetition time (TR) 8500 ms, echo time (TE) 86 ms, slice thickness 2.0 mm, field-of-view (FOV) 240 × 240 mm, and matrix size 192×192. Parallel imaging iPAT=2 with auto-calibrating partial parallel acquisition reconstruction was used. The acquisition was repeated twice to optimize signal-to-noise ratio. In rare circumstances, rectal midazolam was needed due to agitation for image acquisition. Otherwise all studies were performed in natural sleep.
1.5 t clinical scanner
Manufactured by Siemens
Sourced in Germany
The 1.5 T clinical scanner is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system designed for clinical use. It operates at a magnetic field strength of 1.5 Tesla, which is a commonly used field strength for various medical imaging applications. The core function of the 1.5 T clinical scanner is to generate detailed images of the body's internal structures, enabling medical professionals to diagnose and monitor a wide range of medical conditions.
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2 protocols using 1.5 t clinical scanner
1
Neonatal Brain Imaging Protocol
2
Cardiac MRI Protocol: Retrospective Cine and Real-time Imaging
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Every subject was scanned with both retrospective cine and real-time imaging. All the cardiac MRI scans were run using a balanced steady state free precession (bSSFP) sequence with a 12-channel coil array on a 1.5T clinical scanner (Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany).
In each cardiac MRI session, a retrospective cine scan was first run with breath-holding and ECG-gating [16 (link)]. The retrospective cine data were collected with the following acquisition parameters: FOV 340 × (220–250) mm, voxel 1.5–1.9 mm, segments 5–8, iPAT factor 2, ECG-synchronized phases 30, TR/TE 2.6/1.3 ms, FA 50°–75°, short-axis slices 10, slice thickness 8 mm, slice gap 2 mm, and bandwidth 1420 Hz.
Following the retrospective cine scan, a real-time imaging scan was run during free-breathing and without ECG-gating. The real-time imaging data were collected using radial sampling with the following acquisition parameters: FOV 230–250 mm, voxel 1.5–1.9 mm, TR/TE 2.2–3.0/1.1–1.5 ms, FA 50°–75°, short-axis slices 10, slice thickness 8 mm, slice gap 2 mm, bandwidth 1510 Hz, and radial views 3072.
In each cardiac MRI session, a retrospective cine scan was first run with breath-holding and ECG-gating [16 (link)]. The retrospective cine data were collected with the following acquisition parameters: FOV 340 × (220–250) mm, voxel 1.5–1.9 mm, segments 5–8, iPAT factor 2, ECG-synchronized phases 30, TR/TE 2.6/1.3 ms, FA 50°–75°, short-axis slices 10, slice thickness 8 mm, slice gap 2 mm, and bandwidth 1420 Hz.
Following the retrospective cine scan, a real-time imaging scan was run during free-breathing and without ECG-gating. The real-time imaging data were collected using radial sampling with the following acquisition parameters: FOV 230–250 mm, voxel 1.5–1.9 mm, TR/TE 2.2–3.0/1.1–1.5 ms, FA 50°–75°, short-axis slices 10, slice thickness 8 mm, slice gap 2 mm, bandwidth 1510 Hz, and radial views 3072.
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