The surface stoichiometry of the as deposited layers was investigated by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). XPS analyses have been performed by using a PHI ESCA/SAM 5600 Multy technique spectrometer equipped with a Mg Kα X-ray source at a pressure of 5 × 10−9 Torr. The TiO2 layers were sensitized with di-tetrabutylammonium cis-bis (isothiocyanato) bis (2,2-bipyridyl-4,4-dicarboxylato) ruthenium(II) (N-719, Aldrich) by immersion into 5 × 10−5 M Ethanol solutions of the complex for 18 h at room temperature. The sensitized layers were withdrawn from the solution, rinsed in pure Ethanol to remove any physisorbed dye and dried in nitrogen flux. UV-VIS measurements were carried out on an UV-Vis V-650 JASCO spectrophotometer, and the spectra were recorded with a ±0.2 nm resolution.
V 650 spectrophotometer
Manufactured by Jasco
Sourced in Japan, Germany, United States, Italy, Spain
The V-650 spectrophotometer is a laboratory instrument designed to measure the absorbance or transmittance of light through a sample. It is capable of scanning a range of wavelengths and can be used for various analytical applications in fields such as chemistry, biochemistry, and materials science.
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Lab products found in correlation
P 2000 polarimeter, by Jasco (11 mentions)
Fp 6500 spectrofluorometer, by Jasco (4 mentions)
J 815 cd spectrometer, by Jasco (4 mentions)
Phosphate buffered saline (pbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (4 mentions)
D8537 500ml, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Geldanamycin, by Cayman Chemical (3 mentions)
Apex 2 mass spectrometer, by Bruker (3 mentions)
Spd 20a detector, by Shimadzu (3 mentions)
Pack ods a column, by YMC (3 mentions)
Unity inova 500 ft nmr, by Agilent Technologies (2 mentions)
815 spectropolarimeter, by Jasco (2 mentions)
Vnmrs 600 mhz ft nmr spectrometers, by Agilent Technologies (2 mentions)
Ft ir 4x spectrophotometer, by Jasco (2 mentions)
Mercury plus 400 mhz, by Agilent Technologies (2 mentions)
Apex 2 spectrometer, by Bruker (2 mentions)
Sephadex lh 20, by GE Healthcare (2 mentions)
Oxiselect assay kit, by Cell Biolabs (2 mentions)
Psc 718, by Jasco (2 mentions)
J 815 spectrometer, by Jasco (2 mentions)
Rp 18, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
214 protocols using v 650 spectrophotometer
1
Characterization of Sensitized TiO2 Layers
2
Absorption Spectroscopy of Solvent Samples
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Absorption spectra were recorded at 25 °C on a V-650 Jasco spectrophotometer (±0.2 nm resolution) by using spectrophotometric grade solvents. Quartz cells with a 1 cm optical path were used for measurements in solution; quartz monolayers (QAP5_ML) were directly mounted onto the spectrophotometer. Routinely, 3 to 5 different solutions or monolayers were used for each determination.
3
Photocaged, convergent synthesis of ligands
4
Quantification of Flavin Cofactors in YeaX
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Purified samples of YeaX and YeaW were subjected to UV-visible light absorption spectroscopy using a V-650 spectrophotometer (Jasco). The FMN content of purified YeaX was quantified by absorption spectroscopy using an extinction coefficient of ϵ450 = 12.2 mM−1cm−1 for free FMN. FMN was liberated by heat denaturation. A purified sample of YeaX (∼50 µM) in a volume of 300 µl was incubated at 99°C for 10 min. The liberated cofactor was separated from the denatured protein by centrifugation (16000 × g, 10 min at 22°C).
Fluorescence spectra were recorded on a FP-8500 spectrofluorometer (Jasco). The pH-dependent fluorescence of equimolar FAD and FMN standards was used to initially identify the flavin cofactor of YeaX as described in [27 (link)].
Fluorescence spectra were recorded on a FP-8500 spectrofluorometer (Jasco). The pH-dependent fluorescence of equimolar FAD and FMN standards was used to initially identify the flavin cofactor of YeaX as described in [27 (link)].
5
Anaerobic Spectroscopic Analysis of Fe-COPRO III
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The assay was performed under anaerobic conditions in a glove box (Coy Laboratories). Either purified AhbD in buffer B or buffer B alone as a control was directly added to a diluted Fe-COPRO III solution in a quartz SUPRASIL precision cell with 10 mm light path (Hellma Analytics, Müllheim, Germany) and mixed by pipetting. The resulting solution contained a total amount of 5 μM Fe-COPRO III and 10 μM AhbD or only 5 μM Fe-COPRO III without AhbD as a control. UV-visible absorption spectra from 250–700 nm were recorded using a V-650 spectrophotometer (Jasco, Gross-Umstadt, Germany) immediately after mixing (0–100 s), after 270 s (270–370 s) and after 24 h.
6
Thermodynamic Analysis of siRNA Duplexes
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The siRNA duplexes were melted in buffer containing 100 mM NaCl, 20 mM sodium cacodylate, and 0.5 mM Na2EDTA (pH 7). Oligonucleotide single-strand concentrations were calculated from the absorbance measured at a temperature above 80°C, and single-strand extinction coefficients were approximated by a nearest-neighbor model. Modified oligonucleotide strands with identical sequences were assumed to have identical extinction coefficients. The measurements were performed for nine different concentrations of each siRNA in the range 10−4–10−6 M. Absorbance versus temperature melting curves were measured at 260 nm at the heating rate of 1°C/min from 0°C to 90°C using a JASCO V-650 spectrophotometer with a thermoprogrammer. The melting curves were analyzed, and the thermodynamic parameters were calculated using a two-state model with MeltWin 3.5 software.77 (link) For most duplexes, the ΔH° derived from TM-1 versus ln(CT/4) plots was within 15% of the value derived from averaging the fits to individual melting curves as expected if the two-state model is reasonable.
7
Characterization of Nanoparticle-Polymer Composites
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The UV-vis absorption spectroscopy is the most fundamental, yet reliable technique, which gives a direct understanding of nanoparticles' shape and size. The formation of nanoparticles was monitored by observing changes in the color of the solution, during the synthesis stage. Further, the quantitative analysis was carried out using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy of the homogeneous solution of AuNPs and AgNPs in Alg polymer, using JASCO V-650 spectrophotometer.
The particle size of AuNPs and AgNPs present in the Alg polymer was determined using atomic force microscopy (AFM) (A100 instrument, A.P.E. Research, Italy). For this, uncross-linked nanoparticles-embedded Alg films, both AuNPs-Alg and AgNPs-Alg films, were dissolved in 3 ml water. On dissolution, released AuNPs and AgNPs were spin-coated on the respective mica sheet and AFM measurements were carried out. A data analysis software, Gwyddion software (Czech Metrology Institute, Brno, Czech Republic), was used for visualization and data analysis of AFM images. The average particle size of AuNPs and AgNPs was calculated from AFM images obtained after triplicate measurements.
The thickness of AuNPs-Alg, AgNPs-Alg, and Alg films of dimension 1 cm × 1 cm was measured using a precision thickness gauge (Hanatek made). However, the films having similar thicknesses were selected for dosimetric measurements.
The particle size of AuNPs and AgNPs present in the Alg polymer was determined using atomic force microscopy (AFM) (A100 instrument, A.P.E. Research, Italy). For this, uncross-linked nanoparticles-embedded Alg films, both AuNPs-Alg and AgNPs-Alg films, were dissolved in 3 ml water. On dissolution, released AuNPs and AgNPs were spin-coated on the respective mica sheet and AFM measurements were carried out. A data analysis software, Gwyddion software (Czech Metrology Institute, Brno, Czech Republic), was used for visualization and data analysis of AFM images. The average particle size of AuNPs and AgNPs was calculated from AFM images obtained after triplicate measurements.
The thickness of AuNPs-Alg, AgNPs-Alg, and Alg films of dimension 1 cm × 1 cm was measured using a precision thickness gauge (Hanatek made). However, the films having similar thicknesses were selected for dosimetric measurements.
8
Bi2Te3 Thermoelectric Particle Catalysis
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The as-synthesized n-type Bi2Te3 particles were dispersed in a potassium phosphate-buffered solution (KPB, 100 mM, pH 7.0; O2, N2, or air purged) with applied temperature difference. Note that gas was continuously provided into the solution through a Teflon tube (diameter: 1 mm) during the reaction. The temperature at the cold side of the reactor (Tc) is fixed to 10 °C. The concentration of H2O2 was quantified by a colorimetric assay using horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-catalyzed oxidation of ABTS. 50 μL of reaction sample was added to 950 μL of the reagent solution [1 mM ABTS and 2.5 U HRP dissolved in KPB (100 mM, pH 5.0)], and incubated for 5 min at room temperature. The incubated sample was centrifuged for 1.5 min at 21,200 × g to remove Bi2Te3 particles, and the supernatant was collected. Then, we monitored the absorbance of the collected sample at 420 nm using a V-650 spectrophotometer (JASCO Inc., Japan).
9
Enzymatic Activity of rAaeUPO using ABTS
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The enzymatic activity of rAaeUPO was evaluated using the peroxygenase activity assay with 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) molecules as substrate. A reaction sample was mixed with a reagent solution (v/v, 50:950); the reagent solution was prepared by dissolving 0.5 mM H2O2, and 0.5 mM ABTS in a potassium phosphate-buffered solution (100 mM, pH 5.0). The oxidation of ABTS was monitored by the change in the absorption intensity at 420 nm using a V-650 spectrophotometer (JASCO Inc., Japan) and activities were calculated using a Beer-Lambert law. Note that the molar extinction coefficient of ABTS at 420 nm (ε420) is 36.0 mM−1 cm−1.
10
Quantifying Reactive Oxygen Species
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The amounts of superoxide ions (O2•−) and hydroxyl radicals (OH•) were estimated using the nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) assay and terephthalic acid (TA) assay, respectively48 (link). We added Bi2Te3 and reagents ([NBT] = 20 μM, [TA] = 300 μM) to KPB (100 mM, pH 7.0), and applied temperature gradient to the solution. For NBT assays, a change in the sample’s absorbance at 259 nm was monitored using a V-650 spectrophotometer (JASCO Inc., Japan) after reactions. The fluorescence intensity of the sample solution was recorded at 430 nm (λex = 315 nm) using an FP6500 spectrofluorometer (JASCO Inc., Japan) for TA assays.
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