Chloroform chcl3

Egg phosphatidylcholine (egg-PC) Lipoid 80 E was kindly offered by AVG srl (Bollate, MI, Italy). 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazine ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES), Bouin’s solution, and medium-grade Sephadex G-50 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA). Chloroform (CHCl₃) was obtained from Merck (Kenilworth, NJ, USA). Diisopropyl ether, bidistilled water, sodium chloride (NaCl), ethanol, thiocyanatoiron, and 1,2-dichloroethane were supplied by CARLO ERBA Reagents (Cornaredo, MI, Italy). Cyclopore polycarbonate membrane filters (pore size 0.8, 0.4 and 0.2 µm, Whatman) were purchased from Merck (Kenilworth, NJ, USA). Pal-KTTKS (5P), at 96% purity, was purchased from Acadechem Company Ltd. (Kowloon, Hong Kong).

The Spirulina spp. biomass was purchased from the Romanian market. The chemicals, such as methanol (CH₃OH) and chloroform (CHCl₃) of analytical grade, were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).

Solvents, such as chloroform (CHCl₃) and methanol (CH₃OH), were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Cholesterol (CHOL), stearylamine (ST), 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) and 17-(Allylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG, tanespimycin) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). Soybean phosphatidylcholine (PC, Lipoid S100®) and lecithin from soy were supplied by Lipoid GmbH (Ludwigshafen, Germanny). All other reagent grade chemicals were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (São Paulo, Brazil).

Standards of mycotoxins (four aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2), ochratoxin A (OTA), beauvericin (BEA), four enniatins (ENA, ENA1, ENB, and ENB1), zearalenone (ZEN), α-zearalenol (α-ZEL), β-zearalenol (β-ZEL), alternariol (AOH), tentoxin (TENT), T-2, and HT-2 toxins) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Individual stock solutions containing a concentration of 1000 µg/mL were prepared in methanol. Working solutions were prepared starting from the appropriate individual stock solutions. All solutions were prepared and stored in the dark at −20 °C. Methanol and acetonitrile (≥ 99.9% purity) liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry grades (LC-MS/MS) were supplied by VWR international Eurolab (Barcelona, Spain). Formic acid (≥ 98%) was obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA ). Ammonium formate (≥ 99.995%) and chloroform (CHCl₃) (99%) were obtained from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). Ethyl acetate (EtOAc) (HPLC-grade, > 99.5%) was purchased from Alfa Aesar (Karlsruhe, Germany). The water used was purified (≤ 10 MΩ cm⁻¹ resistivity) in the laboratory using a Milli-Q SP^® Reagent water system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).

Methanol (MeOH) and chloroform (CHCl₃) were ultra-residue solvents of analytical grade purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Sulfuric acid (95.5%), CaCl₂, Na₂CO₃, CuSO₄·5H₂O, Na and K tartrate and PBS pH 7.4 (Na₂HPO₄ and NaH₂PO₄) were reagent grade (Sigma Aldrich Chemie, Munich, Germany). D-glucose, BSA, tripalmitin and Zarrouk components [21 ] were of reagent grade and purchased from Sigma Aldrich.
Double-deionized water with a conductivity of less than 18.2 MΩ was obtained with a Milli-Q system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). The Folin–Ciocalteu reagent was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).

Aluminum nitrate Al(NO₃)₃·9H₂O and NaOH pellets which were pure analytical reagents, were purchased from Merck, Darmstadt, Germany.
Cationic dye, Rhodamine B (CAS 81-88-9) for microscopy (with purity > 95.0%), with a molecular weight of 479.02 g/mol, was delivered from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). An anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) (with purity greater 95%) supplied from Scharlau (Barcelona, Spain, EU), was used without further purification to modify synthesized nano-alumina. Figure 1 shows the chemical structures of RhB (A) and SDS (B). The cationic dye, methylene blue (with purity > 98.5%) and organic solvent chloroform CHCl₃ (HPLC grade) from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) were used to quantify the concentrations of SDS. Ionic strength and pH were adjusted by the addition of NaCl (p.A, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), HCl and NaOH (volumetric analysis grade, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). Solution pH was conducted using an HI 2215 pH meter (Hanna, Woonsocket, RI, USA). The glass pH electrode was checked for calibration with three standard buffers of 4.01, 7.01, and 10.01 (Hanna, Woonsocket, RI, USA). Other chemicals with analytical grade were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Ultrapure water was taken from ultrapure water system (Labconco, Kansai, MO, USA) with resistivity 18.2 MΩ·cm was used in preparing all aqueous solution.