Potassium permanganate (KMnO4, ACS reagent purity ≥99.0%), graphite powder (Purum, particle size ≤ 0.1 mm), iron (II) acetate (Fe(CH3COO)2, 95% purity), manganese (II) acetate tetrahydrate (Mn(CH3COO)2·4H2O, purity: ≥99%), N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (ACS reagent, 99% purity), sodium perchlorate (NaClO4, ACS Reagent, purity ≥98%) and fluoroethylene carbonate (99.9% purity) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). Sodium nitrate (NaNO3, 99.5% purity), sulfuric acid (H2SO4, 95–97% purity) and propylene carbonate (anhydrous, purity ≥99.9%) were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Carlo Erba reagents (Milan, Italy) have supplied hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 30 wt %) and ethanol 96°. Hydrochloric acid (HCl, 36 wt %) and titanium (IV) isopropoxide (Ti[OCH(CH3)2]4, purity: >97%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar (Kandel, Germany). All reactants and solvents were employed directly without further purification. Distilled water was used throughout the experiments.
Propylene carbonate
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States
Propylene carbonate is a clear, colorless, and odorless liquid chemical compound. It is commonly used as a solvent in various industrial and laboratory applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Ethylene carbonate, by Merck Group (14 mentions)
N methyl 2 pyrrolidone, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Methacrylic anhydride, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Pyrrole, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Triethylamine, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Ethylene glycol, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Polyvinylidene fluoride (pvdf), by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Hydroquinone, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Fluoroethylene carbonate, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Ethanol, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Dimethyl carbonate, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Lithium perchlorate, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Deuterated chloroform, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Calcium hydride, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Trimethylolpropane, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Sodium perchlorate, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Polymethyl methacrylate, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
77 protocols using propylene carbonate
1
Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials
2
Photocrosslinkable Hydrogel for Stem Cell Culture
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PEG (Mn = 10 kg/mol), tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate (Sn(Oct)2), hydroquinone (HQ), triethylamine (TEA), methacrylic anhydride (MAAh), deuterated chloroform, 1,6-hexanediol, 2-hydroxy-4′-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2-methylpropiophenone (Irgacure 2959), tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS), Matrigel, verapamil hydrochloride (CAS RN: 52-53-9) and 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (L-DOPA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands). Propylene carbonate (PC), ethanol absolute and calcium hydride were obtained from Merck Millipore (Darmstadt, Germany). Methanol, dichloromethane (DCM) and diethyl ether were purchased from VWR (Amsterdam, The Netherlands). Trimethylene carbonate (TMC) was obtained from Huizhou ForYou Medical Devices Co (Huizou, China). Essential 8 medium was purchased from Thermo Fisher (Naarden, The Netherlands), Wnt activator CHIR99021 (1.5 µmol/L) from Axon Medchem (Groningen, The Netherlands), Activin-A (20 ng/mL) from Miltenyi Biotec (Bergisch Gladbach, Germany) and BMP4 (20 ng/mL) and XAV939 (5 µmol/L) from R&D Systems (Abingdon, UK).
3
Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers for Optoelectronics
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Tetrakis(triphenylphosphane)palladium(0), triphenylphosphane, palladium(II) acetate, 2,5-bis(trimethylstannyl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene, 2,2′-bithiophene-5-boronic acid pinacol ester, iron(II) perchlorate hydrate, copper(I) iodide, propylene carbonate (all Merck, KGAA, Darmstadt, Germany), tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate (≥99.0%, NBu4PF6) lithium perchlorate (both Fluka, VWR International, Stribrna Skalice. Czech Republic), poly(methyl methacrylate) (≥99%), N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) (98%), tetrahydrofurane (≥99.9%THF) (all Sigma Aldrich, Prague, Czech Republic), ethynyltrimethylsilane, thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (both ABCR, Karlsruhe, Germany), 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-ol (HFP) (Fluorochem, Hadfield, Derbyshire, UK), piperidine (Acros Organics, Thermo-Fisher, Prague, Czech Republic), 4′-bromo-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine, 4′-(4-bromophenyl)-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine (both TCI, Tokyo, Japan), N,N-dimethylformamide and toluene (both of the HPLC grade, VWR International, Stribrna Skalice. Czech Republic), potassium carbonate (Lach-Ner, Neratovice, Czech Republic), acetonitrile (ACN) (Uvasol, Germany, VWR International, Stribrna Skalice, Czech Republic) and Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) (20 Ω/square, Ossila Ltd., Sheffield, UK) were used as received.
4
Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles with Multifunctional Ligands
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Al(NO3)3 • 9H2O (Merck, Warsaw, Poland), ACS reagent, ≥98% (Merck, Poland), 1,4-naphtalene dicarboxylic acid (1,4-NDC), 98% (AmBeed Inc., Arlington, IL, USA), HAuCl4 • 3H2O), ACS reagent, ≥49.0% Au basis (Merck, Poland), 1-octadecanethiol ≥98% (Merck, Poland), tetraoctylammonium bromide [CH3 (CH2)7]4NBr TOAB, 98% (Merck, Poland), tetrabuthylammonium bromide ([CH3 (CH2)3]4NBr) TBAB, 98% (Merck, Poland), NaBH4, powder ≥ 98% (Sigma Aldrich, Poznań, Poland), glycidol, (Gly) 96% (Thermo Scientific, Bionovo, Legnica, Poland), Epichlorohydrine (EPI), 99% (Thermo Scientific, Bionovo, Poland), Styren oxide (St-O) ≥ 97% (Thermo Scientific, Bionovo, Poland), (+/−) Propylene oxide (Pr-O), ≥99% (Thermo Scientific, Bionovo, Poland), dimethylformamide DMF (>95%) (Chemat, Gdansk, Poland), dichlormethane (DCM) > 95%, (Chemat, Poland), ethyl acetate > 95%, (Chemat, Poland), toluene (>95%) (Chemat, Poland), ethanol anhydrous (≥99%) (Chemat, Poland), 4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-amine (4-Atrz), 95% (AmBeed, Inc., Arlington, USA), 5-amino-1H-tetrazole (5-Atz), 95% (Angene Chemical, Hyderabad, India), anizole anhydrous, 99.7%, (Merck, Poland), propylene carbonate, anhydrous 99.7%, (Merck, Poland), 4-(Hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, ≥98%, (Merck, Poland), methanol anhydrous, 99% (Merck, Poland).
5
Fabrication of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
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NaI, I2, chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), propylene carbonate (PC), polyethylene glycol (PEG, Mw = 200 g mol -1 ), polyethylene oxide (PEO, Mw = 400 000 g mol -1 ), xanthan gum (XG), α-terpineol (TP), TiCl4, H2PtCl6, acetone, ethanol, acetonitrile and tert-butanol were purchased from Merck and used without further purification. TiO2 paste 18NR-T was purchased from Greatcell Solar. Milli-Q ® water (18 MΩ cm at 25 °C) was obtained with a Direct-Q ® 3 UV
yl}methylidene] cyanoacetic acid (D131) was purchased from Inabata Europe SA. Meltonix 1170-60 thermoplastic films and F-doped SnO2 (FTO) conductive glasses, with sheet resistance of 7 Ω sq -1 , were purchased from Solaronix.
yl}methylidene] cyanoacetic acid (D131) was purchased from Inabata Europe SA. Meltonix 1170-60 thermoplastic films and F-doped SnO2 (FTO) conductive glasses, with sheet resistance of 7 Ω sq -1 , were purchased from Solaronix.
6
Synthesis and Characterization of Photocurable Poly(trimethylene carbonate)
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Trimethylene carbonate (TMC) monomer was kindly provided by Huizhou Foryou Medical Devices, Huizhou, China. 1,1,1-Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane, 2-Hydroxy-4′-(2-hydroxyethoxy)- 2-methyl-propiophenone (Irgacure 2959), Tin(II)-2-ethylhexanoate (Stannous octoate, Sn(Oct)2), hydroquinone, methacrylic anhydride and triethylamine were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands. Propylene carbonate was ordered from Merck Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany. Ethyl-(2,4,6-trimethyl-benzoyl)-phenylphosphinate (Omnirad TPO-L) was obtained from IGM Resins, Waalwijk, The Netherlands. Orasol Orange G dye was ordered from CIBA Specialty Chemicals, Basel, Switzerland. Hydrochloric acid (37% (w/w) in water), analytical grade chloroform, dichloromethane (DCM), ethanol, methanol and acetone were purchased from VWR Chemicals, Darmstadt, Germany. CaCO3 was ordered from Alfa Aesar, Tewksbury, MA, USA.
7
Biomimetic 3D Scaffold Fabrication
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1,3-trimethylene carbonate (TMC) (Forusorb) was purchased from Huizhou Foryou Medical Devices (China) and used without any further purification. Stannous octoate (Sn(Oct)2), Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), phalloidin-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), gelatin and glutaraldehyde were purchased from Sigma (USA). 1,1,1tris(hydroxymethyl) propane, hydroquinone, methacrylic anhydride, trimethylamine, diphenyl(2,4,6trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (TPO-L), Orasol Orange-G, dichloromethane, ethanol, propylene carbonate, deuterated chloroform (CDCl3) and sodium borohydride were purchased from Merck (Germany). Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP) was purchased from Medtronics (USA), zoledronic acid (ZA) (Zoldonat) was purchased from Natco Pharma Ltd (India) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) was purchased from Gibco (USA). Penicillin-streptomycin antibiotic cocktail was purchased from Hi-Media (India), isoflurane (Forane) from Abbott (India), Ceftriaxone (Cefaxone) from Lupin (India), Tramadol (Dolphan) from GreenCross Remedies (India) and povidine-iodine (Betadine) from Win-Medicare (India). Nano-hydroxyapatite (HA) used was synthesized in the laboratory using the protocol as described elsewhere 51 (link) .
8
Synthesis and Characterization of TMC-Based Biomaterials
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Trimethylene carbonate (TMC) was purchased from Huizhou Foryou Medical Devices Co., Ltd (China). Trimethylol propane (TMP, ≥98.0%), tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate (Sn(Oct)2, ~95%), dichloromethane (DCM, ≥ 99.8 %), methacrylic anhydride (MAAH, 94%), triethylamine (TEA, ≥99.5%), hydroquinone (≥99%), deuterated chloroform (99.9 %), chloroform (99.0 -99.4 %) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP, powder particle size 2-6μm, surface area ≥80 m2/g, ≥90% phase purity of β-tricalcium phosphate) were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (Germany). Propylene carbonate (≥ 99.0 %) was obtained from Merck Millipore (Germany). Free radical photo initiator Omnirad TPO-L was received from IGM Resins (the Netherlands) and dye Orasol Orange G was obtained from CIBA Specialty Chemicals (Switzerland). All chemicals were used as received.
9
Synthesis of Trimethylene Carbonate Monomer
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Trimethylene carbonate (TMC) monomer was provided by Huizhou Foryou Medical Devices Co. (China) and used without purification. Trimethylol propane (TMP), tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate (Sn(Oct) 2 ), methacrylic anhydride, and triethylamine were purchased from Sigma (USA) and used as received. Dichloromethane (DCM) was obtained from VWR Chemicals (France), dried over calcium hydride (Sigma), and distilled before use. Hydroquinone and deuterated chloroform were obtained from Sigma. Ethanol and propylene carbonate were obtained from Merck (Germany). Omnirad TPO-L was obtained from IGM Resins Group (the Netherlands) and Orasol Orange G dye was provided by CIBA Specialty Chemicals (Switzerland).
10
Synthesis and Characterization of Biodegradable Polymers
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Polyethylene glycol (PEG) (M n = 10 kg/mol), stannous octoate (Sn(Oct) 2 ), e-caprolactone (CL), 1,6-hexanediol, methacrylic anhydride, triethylamine (TEA), deuterated chloroform, trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (The Netherlands). Trimethylene carbonate (1,3-dioxan-2-one, TMC) was obtained from Huizhou Foryou Medical Devices Co (China). D,L-Lactide (DLLA) was obtained from Purac Biochem (The Netherlands). Dichloromethane (DCM) was obtained from Biosolve (The Netherlands). Calcium hydride (CaH 2 ) and propylene carbonate (PC, boiling point 242 °C) were purchased from Merck (Germany). Ethanol was obtained from Assink Chemie (The Netherlands). Diethyl ether was obtained from Fisher Scientific. Irgacure 2959 (2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2-methylpropiophenone) was obtained from Ciba (Switzerland).
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