Lung acetone powder from rabbit

Azocasein, DPPH, lung acetone powder from rabbit, 2-ME, tyrosine, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, and N-Hippuryl-His-Leu (HHL) were bought from Sigma Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). DeMan, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) broth as well as nutrient broth (NB) medium were bought from Himedia (Mumbai, India). Lactic acid bacterial strains (including B. bifidum BCRC 14615, Lactobacillus rhamnosus BCRC 16000, L. rhamnosus BCRC 10940, L. paracasei subsp. paracasei BCRC 14023, and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis BCRC 10791) were obtained from Bioresource Collection and Research Center (Hsinchu, Taiwan). Shrimp heads were procured from Fwu-Sow Industry (Taichung, Taiwan), whereas other SPBPs (crab shells, squid heads, and shrimp shells) were from Shin-Ma Frozen Food Co. (I-Lan, Taiwan). The demineralization of shrimp shells and crab shells was carried out as described earlier [9 (link)]. The other chemicals used were of the highest possible quality.

2,2′‐Azino‐bis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) ammonium salt (ABTS), casein, hemoglobin, hippuryl‐his‐leu acetate salt (HHL), lung acetone powder from rabbit, mushroom tyrosinase, potassium persulfate, and sodium L‐tartrate were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich. 3,4‐Dihydroxy‐L‐phenylalanine (L‐DOPA) was purchased from Acros Organics. Hydrochloric acid (1 M) and sodium hydroxide (1 M) were purchased from Yakuri Pure Chemicals Co., Ltd.. Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and acetic acid were purchased from Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and glycine were purchased from Bio Basic, Inc. Soybean oil was purchased from Ottogi Co., Ltd. All other reagents were of analytical grade.