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Spss program for windows version 17

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SPSS program for Windows, version 17.0, is a statistical software package. It provides tools for data management, analysis, and presentation.

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18 protocols using spss program for windows version 17

1

Statistical Analysis of Continuous and Categorical Data

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Data were analyzed with the SPSS program for Windows version 17.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). Continuous data were described as x±s. The 2-sample t test was used for comparison between groups. Categorical variables were described as rate and compared by chi square test. P-values <0.05 were considered significant.
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2

Household Food Intake Analysis

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Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS program for Windows, version 17.0. Continuous variables are presented as mean ± SD, and categorical variables are presented as absolute numbers and percentage. Data were checked for normality before statistical analysis using Shapiro Wilk test. The Kruskal Wallis test was used for the comparison of three or more groups and further comparisons were done using Mann Whitney U test. Categorical variables were analyzed using the chi square test. For all statistical tests, a p value less than 0.05 was taken to indicate a significant difference.
The per capita intake (per adult equivalents) in the household was used for comparison between families. Adult-equivalent conversion factors used previously were employed [14 (link)]. The adult-equivalent scale makes allowance for family composition and the presence of family members with distinct energy needs, like children. The food consumed in the household was assumed to be distributed fairly within the family unit, each receiving a share of the household pot in proportion to their age.
The study was approved by the St Stephens Research Committee and the Institutions Ethics Committee of St Stephens Hospital. Written informed consent was taken for participants from the guardian of the children. The consent forms were approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee.
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3

Minimum Sample Size for Comparative Study

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Sample size was calculated based on results obtained in earlier publication.[8 (link)] Minimum sample size required for the case group was 17 and for the control group was 68, with a total of 85.
Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS program for Windows, version 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA). Chi-square test was used for comparisons between the study groups with respect to percentage. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
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4

Vitamin D, PTH, and Metabolic Function

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Continuous variables are presented as mean (SD), and categorical variables are presented as absolute numbers and percentage. Data were checked for normality before statistical analysis. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the significance of the differences among the three PTH and 25OHD groups. Multivariate linear regression analyses were done to evaluate independent associations of vitamin D and PTH groups with insulin sensitivity and beta cell function. P < 0.05 was taken as significant in all the tests. The statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS program for Windows, version 17.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA).
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5

Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarker Analysis

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Statistical analysis was performed by the SPSS program for Windows, version 17.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, United States). Normally distributed continuous variables were compared using the unpaired t test, whereas the Mann-Whitney U test was used for those variables that were not normally distributed. Categorical variables were analyzed using either the chi square test or Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate. Area under receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) analysis was calculated to determine optimal cut-off values for CSF TLC, protein and sugar and lactate levels. For all statistical tests, a p value less than 0.05 was taken to indicate a significant difference.
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6

Comparison of Laryngeal Mask Airway Devices

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The power of the study was estimated based on a previous study comparing LMA® ProSeal™ with LMA® Supreme™ where the OSP of LMA® ProSeal™ was 30.7 ± 6.2 cm H2O and a 10% change in OSP between the two devices was considered clinically significant.[8 (link)] Eighty five patients per group were needed with an alpha level of 0.5 and a beta level of 0.1 for our study. We, therefore, enrolled ninety patients in each group to compensate for possible losses.
Statistical analysis was performed by the SPSS program for Windows, version 17.0 (SPSS, Chicago, Illinois). Continuous variables were presented as mean ± SD, and categorical variables were expressed as absolute numbers and percentages. Data were checked for normality before statistical analysis using the Shapiro Wilk test. Normally distributed continuous variables were compared using ANOVA. Chi-Square test was used for categorical variables. If the F value was significant and variance was homogeneous, Tukey multiple comparison test was used to assess the differences between the individual groups; otherwise, Tamhane’s T2 test was used. For all statistical tests, a P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
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7

Neurological Behavioral Assessments

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All data are presented as mean values (SD). A sample size of six was calculated using G Power (version 3.1.9.4 downloaded from the Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf page), using data from previous experiments with an effect size (d) of 2 and a power of 0.8. The Shapiro–Wilk test was done to assume parametric or nonparametric distributions for the normality tests; all the data was parametric. Differences between groups were statistically compared by Student’s t-test. Results were considered statistically significant at p-values <0.05. SPSS® program for Windows, version 17.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA) was used.
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8

Statistical Analysis of Experimental Data

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Statistical analysis was performed by the SPSS program for Windows, version 17.0. Continuous variables are presented as mean ± SD, and categorical variables are presented as absolute numbers and percentage. Data were checked for normality before statistical analysis using Shapiro-Wilk test. Normally distributed continuous variables were compared using ANOVA. If the F value was significant and variance was homogeneous, Tukey multiple comparison test was used to assess the differences between the individual groups; otherwise, Tamhane's T2 test was used. The Kruskal Wallis test was used for those variables that were not normally distributed and further comparisons were done using Mann–Whitney U test. Categorical variables were analyzed using the chi square test. For all statistical tests, a p value less than 0.05 was taken to indicate a significant difference.
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9

Diagnostic Accuracy of Glioma EVs

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Statistical analysis was performed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program for Windows, version 17.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Continuous variables are presented as mean ± SD, median (IQR), and categorical variables are presented as absolute numbers and percentage. Data were checked for normality before statistical analysis. The association between survival status (live and dead) and their grades in glioma patients was performed using the chi square test. Non-normal distribution continuous variable CD63 expression was compared using Mann Whitney U test between glioma patients and controls. A receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was calculated to determine optimal cutoff value for glioma EVs galectin-3 BP protein concentration ng/ml and plasma galectin-3 BP concentration ng/ml of protein. The area under curve, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were calculated to analyze the diagnostic accuracy of two concentrations (glioma EVs galectin-3 BP and plasma galectin-3 BP) in predicting glioma patients as compared to controls (healthy individuals). For all statistical tests, value less than 0.05 was considered to indicate a significant difference.
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10

Statistical Analysis of Oxygen Saturation

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Statistical analysis was performed by the SPSS program for Windows, version 17.0 (SPSS, Chicago, Illinois). Continuous variables are presented as mean ± SD, and categorical variables are presented as absolute numbers and percentages. Data were checked for normality before statistical analysis. Normally distributed continuous variables were compared using the unpaired t-test, whereas the Mann–Whitney U test was used for variables not normally distributed. Categorical variables were analysed using either the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to estimate the mortality of study patients as admission was based on SpO2 (>94% or ≤94%). For all statistical tests, a P value of <0.05 was taken to indicate a statistically significant difference.
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