After thawing at room temperature, urine samples from rats, mice and humans were prepared by diluting with distilled water to 1:30, 1:20 or 1:40 (urine: water). Pipetting 5 µl of diluted urine was pipetted onto a silicon ATR prism (SensIR, 3 mm diameter, 3 reflections) and dried by nitrogen gas at a flow rate of 400 mL/min. Spectra were subsequently recorded with a Bruker Optics, Germany, IFS 66/S FTIR spectrometer equipped with an Mercury cadmium telluride (MCT)-A detector cooled using liquid nitrogen. All absorbance spectra were recorded in the 4000–800 cm−1 frequency range versus a clean prism background. Each spectrum was computed from the average of 500 interferograms at 4 cm−1 resolution using the clean prism surface for recording of the background spectrum. The prism surface was cleaned using distilled water and ethanol between samples. The resultant FTIR absorbance spectra were analyzed with Bruker 6.5 and Origin Pro 9.1 software.
Ifs 66 s ftir spectrometer
Manufactured by Bruker
Sourced in Germany, United States, United Kingdom
The IFS 66/S FTIR spectrometer is a laboratory instrument designed for performing Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. It is capable of analyzing the infrared absorption or transmission spectra of various samples.
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Lab products found in correlation
P 1020 polarimeter, by Jasco (6 mentions)
Rp c18 silica gel, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Rp 18 f254s plates, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Silica gel 60, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Spd 20a 20av series prominence hplc uv vis detectors, by Shimadzu (4 mentions)
Avance 3 700 nmr spectrometer, by Bruker (3 mentions)
Waters 1525 binary hplc pump, by Waters Corporation (3 mentions)
Waters 996 photodiode array detector, by Waters Corporation (3 mentions)
Agilent 8453 uv visible spectrophotometer, by Agilent Technologies (2 mentions)
Silica gel, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
6130 series esi mass spectrometer, by Agilent Technologies (2 mentions)
Prominence hplc system, by Shimadzu (2 mentions)
6130 series esi mass spectrometer, by Phenomenex (1 mentions)
Kinetex c18 100 column, by Phenomenex (1 mentions)
Escalab 250, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Jsm 7600f, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Hplc system, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
C18 100 column, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Agilent 1200 series hplc system, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Opus 6, by Bruker (1 mentions)
25 protocols using ifs 66 s ftir spectrometer
1
FTIR Spectroscopy of Diluted Urine Samples
2
FTIR Characterization of MnO Nanoparticles
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Fourier Transform – infrared (FTIR) spectra were obtained with a Bruker IFS 66 S FTIR spectrometer (Bruker Optics Inc.; Billerica, MA) in a sample chamber purged with nitrogen gas. MnO nanoparticles were pressed into a KBr pellet with a sample concentration of 2% (w/w). Reference spectra of neat 4-aminothiophenol and 4-bromoaniline were collected by depositing the liquid samples between two KBr windows. FTIR spectra of the 4-aminothiophenol monolayers and tethered MnO nanoparticles were collected via the reflectance-absorbance FTIR spectroscopy (RAIRS) technique using the Seagull accessory from Harrick Scientific (Pleasantville, NY).
3
Morphology and Spectral Analysis of Laser-Treated Surfaces
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The surface morphology of fs-laser-treated samples is analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and three-dimensional (3D) laser scanning microscope. The SEM is a Zeiss-Auriga field emission operating at an accelerating voltage of 20 kV. The spectral scattering/reflectance of the samples were measured using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, Bruker IFS 66/S FTIR spectrometer, equipped with an integrating sphere, where the measured range of the wavelength was 2.5–25 μm.
4
Analyzing Felodipine Formulation with FTIR
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A IFS 66/S FTIR spectrometer (Bruker Optics Ltd, Coventry, UK) fitted with a Golden Gate® ATR accessory with temperature controllable top plate (Specac Orpington, UK) and diamond internal reflection element was used to identify the physical form of felodipine and the possible interaction between the drug and the other excipients included in the patches. All samples were scanned using the following parameters: 2 cm−1 resolution, 32 scans for sample and background, and 4000–550 cm−1 spectrum range in absorption mode. The spectra of 3 replicates per sample for all drug loadings were analyzed using OPUS software.
5
ATR-FTIR Analysis of Root Stress Response
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For ATR-FTIR analysis, roots were collected from primary and secondary development zones (as described above for RNA extraction, Supplementary Figure S1 ) for control and combined heat and osmotic stress, 24 h after treatment. Plant material was immediately washed with ice cold water for 5×, to remove growth media traces. Plant material was then flash frozen in liquid nitrogen, lyophilized and powdered prior to the analysis. A solid PEG6000 sample was used to identify possible PEG-specific contaminating peaks in the root samples. ATR-FTIR spectra were collected on a Bruker IFS66/S FTIR spectrometer (Bruker Daltonics, Billerica, MA, USA) using a single reflection ATR cell (DuraDisk, equipped with a diamond crystal). Data were recorded using OPUS v5.0 software, at room temperature, in the range of 4000–600 cm−1, by accumulating 256 scans with a resolution of 2 cm−1. Five replicate spectra were collected for each sample to evaluate reproducibility.
6
FTIR Spectra of Photo-Induced Matrices
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FTIR spectra were recorded between 4000–400 cm−1 in a transmission mode by means of a Bruker IFS 66/S FTIR spectrometer with a resolution of 0.5 cm−1 and using a liquid N2 cooled MCT detector. Matrices were irradiated with the tunable UV light provided by the frequency doubled signal beam of a pulsed (7 ns) optical parametric oscillator Vibrant 355 (Opotek Inc., Carlsbad, CA, USA) pumped with a pulsed Nd:YAG laser (Quantel, Edinburgh, UK). The experiments started using λ = 370 nm light and proceeded with gradual decrease in the output wavelength. After each irradiation, an infrared spectrum of the matrix was taken.
7
ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy Protocol
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Spectra were recorded with a Bruker IFS/66 S FT-IR spectrometer, fitted with a liquid nitrogen-cooled MCT detector and a KBr beamsplitter. Experiments were run in ATR mode using a 3 mm diameter silicon microprism with ZnSe optics (three reflections; SensIR). Data were recorded at room temperature at 4 cm–1 resolution. Power spectra were computed by Fourier transformation of 1000 (background; clean crystal surface) or 500 (sample) averaged interferograms. Absorbance spectra between 4000–800 cm–1 were then calculated from –log(sample intensities/background intensities). Cited frequencies are accurate to approximately 1 cm–1.
8
ATR-FTIR Analysis of Microgel Suspensions
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ATR-FTIR measurements were performed at an IFS 66/S FTIR spectrometer (Bruker, Ettlingen, Germany) with a mercury cadmium telluride detector and a diamond/ZnSe internal reflection element with nine active reflections (DuraSamplIR II, Smiths, CT, United States). The spectra were obtained from 512 scans with a resolution of 2 cm−1. The microgel suspension (20 μl, 0.4 wt%) was deposited onto the crystal and dried with air for at least 30 min. The absorbance of the corrected spectra was multiplied with the corresponding wavenumber to compensate the wavenumber dependent penetration depth and was normalized to the amide I vibration at 1,642 cm−1.
9
Optical Characterization of Surface Morphology
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To characterise the spectral reflectance/scattering, we measured the total hemispherical optical reflection of the samples using an ultraviolet-visible (UV) PerkinElmer Lambda 900 spectrophotometer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Bruker IFS 66/S FTIR spectrometer, each equipped with an integrating sphere. The surface morphology was analysed by SEM, and EDS was performed to study the presence of oxides and nitrides. Ion-beam milling was utilised for the cross-sectional view of the oxide layer.
10
Characterization of Organic Compounds
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Optical rotations were measured using a Jasco P-1020 polarimeter (Jasco, Easton, MD, USA). IR spectra were recorded with a Bruker IFS-66/S FT-IR spectrometer (Bruker, Karlsruhe, Germany). UV spectra were obtained using an Agilent 8453 UV-visible spectrophotometer (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA). Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were recorded with a Bruker AVANCE III 700 NMR spectrometer operating at 500 MHz (1H) and 125 MHz (13C) (Bruker, Karlsruhe, Germany). Semi-preparative HPLC was performed using a Gilson 306 pump with a Shodex refractive index detector at a flow rate of 2 mL min−1. LC/MS analyses were performed on an Agilent 1200 Series HPLC system equipped with a diode array detector and 6130 Series ESI mass spectrometer, using an analytical Kinetex C18 100 Å column (100 × 2.1 mm i.d, 5 μm; Phenomenex, Torrance, CA, USA). Silica gel 60 (70–230 mesh and 230–400 mesh; Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and RP-C18 silica gel (Merck, 40–63 μm) were used for column chromatography. Merck precoated silica gel F254 plates and RP-18 F254s plates were used for TLC. Spots were detected after TLC under UV light or by heating after spraying with anisaldehyde-sulfuric acid.
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