Gold nanoparticles were synthesized through reduction. Hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (HAuCl4, Sigma‐Aldrich, St Louis, MO) was used as a gold precursor, and trisodium citrate was used as a reducing agent. Briefly, 0.5 mM hydrogen tetrachloroaurate dissolved in 300 mL distilled water followed by boiling for 10 min. Note that 30 mL of 38.8 mM trisodium citrate ((HOC(COONa)(CH2COONa)2, Sigma‐Aldrich, St Louis, MO) solution was added into the gold precursor solution to allow the color change from light yellow to colorless. Then, the solution started darkening, and the reaction was terminated when the color of solution became red. This gold particles solution was ready to use after cool down and storage in 4°C. Gold particles’ size was determined by the Zeta‐sizer (Malvern Zeta‐sizer Nano ZS90) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEOL JEM‐2100F CS STEM). Figure S3 presents particle size analysis. The particle size measured by the Zeta‐sizer averaged 18.71 nm, which consistent to that observed in TEM. In addition, the numerical value of PDI was 0.41 resulting in uniform particle size distribution.
Hydrogen tetrachloroaurate haucl4
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (HAuCl4) is a chemical compound used in various laboratory applications. It serves as a precursor for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles and is utilized in electroplating and other chemical processes. The compound is a yellow-orange crystalline solid that is soluble in water and certain organic solvents.
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Lab products found in correlation
Jem 2100f cs stem, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Zetasizer nano zs90, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Hoc coona ch2coona 2, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Rhodamine 6g, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Trisodium citrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Aniline c6h5nh2, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Nano cellulose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hydroxylamine hydrochloride nh2oh hcl, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Silver nitrate agno3, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Polyethylene glycol peg 400, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Trisodium citrate dihydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
1 ethyl 3 3 dimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide edc, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Low molecular weight chitosan, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Titanium wire, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Phosphoric acid h3po4, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hydrofluoric acid hf, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Nitric acid hno3, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Tween 20, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
5 protocols using hydrogen tetrachloroaurate haucl4
1
Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles
2
SERS-Active Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis
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SERS has been induced by using home-made Gold nanoparticles (GNP) onto conventional microscope slides. A colloid of GNPs has been obtained by a conventional citrate reduction method [15 (link),16 (link)]. A HAuCl solution was reduced by sodium citrate with vigorous stirring at near boiling temperature. The amount of sodium citrate was defined in order to obtain GNPs with controlled size with particle diameter in the range of 20–50 nm. Preliminary tests have shown that the GNPs with a diameter equal to ∼27 nm give optimum SERS features [16 (link)].
Particle size, preparation stability and Raman signal of the resulting preparations have been investigated by means of absorption spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscop (TEM), and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). In particular, absorption spectroscopy was used to get information on the plasmon resonance peak and to study the stability of the preparations [17 (link),18 (link)]. TEM and DLS were employed to estimate the size of the GNPs. Absorption spectra of the prepared GNPs were recorded by UV–VIS spectroscopy by a two-beams spectrophotometer (LS25, Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA).
Hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (HAuCl ), and trisodium citrate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO, USA). All chemicals were used as received. Rhodamine 6G were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
Particle size, preparation stability and Raman signal of the resulting preparations have been investigated by means of absorption spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscop (TEM), and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). In particular, absorption spectroscopy was used to get information on the plasmon resonance peak and to study the stability of the preparations [17 (link),18 (link)]. TEM and DLS were employed to estimate the size of the GNPs. Absorption spectra of the prepared GNPs were recorded by UV–VIS spectroscopy by a two-beams spectrophotometer (LS25, Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA).
Hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (HAuCl ), and trisodium citrate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO, USA). All chemicals were used as received. Rhodamine 6G were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
3
Analytical Standards for Drug Testing
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methanol for lab analysis, and acetonitrile gradient grade for LC were purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). Heroin standard, in powder form, in 99.8% purity. Morphine monohydrate (MM) 1.0 mg/mL calibrated standard solution in methanol, monoacetyl morphine (6MAM) 1.0 mg/mL calibrated standard solution in methanol and morphine-3-β-glucuronide (M3B) 1.0 mg/mL calibrated standard solution in methanol was obtained from Lipomed AG (Arlesheim, Switzerland). Aniline (C6H5NH2) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH (Taufkirchen, Germany) and it was distilled under vacuum before using. Lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Produktions GmbH (Steinheim, Germany). Nanocellulose, hydroxylamine hydrochloride (NH2OH.HCl), and hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (HAuCl4) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH (Taufkirchen, Germany). Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400, methanol, silver nitrate (AgNO3), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany).
4
Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis Protocol
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Ultrapure Milli-Q water
(resistivity > 18 MΩ cm–1) was used for
all
experiments. Glassware was cleaned immediately before use by immersing
in aqua regia (HCl:HNO3, 3:1 volume ratio), followed by
rinsing with copious amount of water. Hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (HAuCl4) and trisodium citrate dihydrate (Na3C6H5O7· 2H2O, TSC) were purchased
from Sigma-Aldrich.
(resistivity > 18 MΩ cm–1) was used for
all
experiments. Glassware was cleaned immediately before use by immersing
in aqua regia (HCl:HNO3, 3:1 volume ratio), followed by
rinsing with copious amount of water. Hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (HAuCl4) and trisodium citrate dihydrate (Na3C6H5O7· 2H2O, TSC) were purchased
from Sigma-Aldrich.
5
Anodized Titanium Electrode Fabrication and Modification
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Titanium wires (d: 0.25 mm, 99.5% purity, Alfa Aesar, USA), ethylene glycol (Merck, Germany), ammonium fluoride (NH4F, Sigma-Aldrich, ABD), phosphoric acid (H3PO4, 85% purity, Merck, Germany), nitric acid (HNO3, 65% purity Merck, Germany), hydrofluoric acid (HF, 38% purity, Merck, Germany) and 2 × 2 cm pure platinum mesh (99.9% purity; 0.1 mm thickness, Alfa Easer, USA) as an anodic oxidation opposing electrode were used to produce anodized titanium electrode.
For electrode modification, hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (HAuCl4, Sigma, USA), phosphate buffer solution (PBS) tablet (10 mM, pH 7.4, Alfa Aesar, England), PSA-protein (Fitzgerald, USA), PSA-antibody (Fitzgerald, USA), PSA-antibody-HRP (Fitzgerald, USA), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC, Sigma, USA), n-hidroxysuccinimide (NHS, Sigma, USA), Tween-20 (Sigma, USA), bovine serum albumin (BSA, Sigma, USA), acetic acid (Sigma, USA), low molecular weight chitosan (Sigma, USA), isopropyl alcohol (Merck, Germany), hydrogen peroxide (30% purity, Merck, Germany), and hydroquinone (Kanto, Singapore) were used. All liquid solutions contained deionized (DI) water with a resistance of 18.2 MΩ•cm.
For electrode modification, hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (HAuCl4, Sigma, USA), phosphate buffer solution (PBS) tablet (10 mM, pH 7.4, Alfa Aesar, England), PSA-protein (Fitzgerald, USA), PSA-antibody (Fitzgerald, USA), PSA-antibody-HRP (Fitzgerald, USA), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC, Sigma, USA), n-hidroxysuccinimide (NHS, Sigma, USA), Tween-20 (Sigma, USA), bovine serum albumin (BSA, Sigma, USA), acetic acid (Sigma, USA), low molecular weight chitosan (Sigma, USA), isopropyl alcohol (Merck, Germany), hydrogen peroxide (30% purity, Merck, Germany), and hydroquinone (Kanto, Singapore) were used. All liquid solutions contained deionized (DI) water with a resistance of 18.2 MΩ•cm.
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