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11 protocols using ab70369

1

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Rat Brain Tissue

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The rats were sacrificed 7 days after the MCAO model, and the brain tissue was taken for a follow-up study. The rat brain slices attached to the viscous slide were washed with TBS (0.3% Triton X-100 PBS) for 5 min × two times and sealed with blocking solution (0.3% Triton X-100 + 10% PBS of goat serum) at room temperature for 1 h. The rat brain frozen sections were then added with primary antibody PCNA(1:100, Abcam, ab29), Nestin(1:100, Abcam, ab6142), Ki-67(1:100, Cell Signaling Technology, #9129), CUL4A(1:100, Proteintech, 66038-1-Ig), KAP1(1:100, Abcam, ab70369), phospho-KAP1(1:100, Abcam, ab70369), and incubated at 4 °C in a wet box overnight. The following day, wash the brain slides with TBS for 5 min × five times and incubate with goat anti-mouse IgG (H + L)(1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology, #4410) or goat anti-rabbit IgG (H + L)(1:1000, Abclonal, AS007)secondary antibody in a wet box at room temperature for 1–2 h. Afterward, wash the brain slides with TBS for 5 min × five times, and then DAPI staining was added to the brain slides, incubating for 10 min. Finally, wash the brain slides with TBS for 5 min × five times, seal the slide with a sealing tablet, and photograph under Olympus IX73 inverted fluorescence microscope.
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2

Breast Cancer Cell Lines Protocol

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MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines (ATCC; STR authenticated) were maintained in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM, Sigma-Aldrich) supplemented with 100 Units/ml penicillin, 100 µg/ml streptomycin, 2 mM L-glutamine (PSG, Sigma-Aldrich) and 10% heat inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS, First Link). MCF7/LMTK3 and MDA-MB-231/LMTK3, stably over-expressing LMTK3, were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% FCS, G418 (500 μg/ml; Invitrogen) and 1% PSG. All cells were incubated at 37 °C in humidified 5% CO2, and were frequently tested for mycoplasma contamination. Antibodies used: LMTK3 (sc-100418, Santa Cruz Biotechnology); LMTK3 (H00114783-M02, Abnova); β-actin (ab627, Abcam); phospho-histone H2A.X Ser139 (2577, Cell Signaling Technology); phospho-histone H2A.X Ser139 (9718, Cell Signaling Technology); ATM (sc-23921, Santa Cruz Biotechnology); phospho-ATM Ser1981 (4526, Cell Signaling Technology); KAP1 (ab10484, Abcam); phospho-KAP1 Ser824 (ab70369, Abcam). Doxorubicin hydrochloride (D1515) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
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3

Lung Tissue Histological Analysis Protocol

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Lungs were collected at a treatment endpoint predefined as 27 weeks of age. For tissue preparation, lungs were fixed in 10% phosphate-buffered formaldehyde for 24–48 hrs, dehydrated by incubation in ethanol followed by xylene (70% ethanol, 3 hr; 95% ethanol, 2 hr; 100% ethanol, 2 hr; ethanol-xylene, 1hr; xylene, 3hr) then embedded in paraffin. Paraffin blocks were cut into 5 μm sections, mounted on microscope slides, and stored at room temperature until used. Prepared specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) and analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) or immunofluorescence using standard protocols. Antibodies used in IHC were to Ki-67 (DAKO, Carpinteria, CA), cleaved caspase 3 (#9664L, Cell Signaling, Beverly, MA), pS824-KAP1 (ab70369, Abcam, Cambridge, MA), pT202/Y204-ERK1/2 (#4996S Cell Signaling, Beverly, MA) and HSP90 (NB120-2928, Novus Biologicals, Littleton, CO). For immunofluorescence, we used antibody to vimentin (ab92547, Abcam, Cambridge, MA) as primary reagent and secondary Alexafluor 568 tagged donkey anti-rabbit antibody (Life Technologies, Eugene, OR), and counterstained with a 2 μmol/L 4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (#1652731, Life Technologies, Eugene, OR) solution to visualize DNA.
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4

Immunofluorescence Staining of DNA Damage Markers

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Cells were grown on sterile 12-mm glass coverslips, fixed in 3% formaldehyde in PBS for 15 min at room temperature, washed once in PBS, permeabilized for 5 min at room temperature in PBS supplemented with 0.2% Triton X-100 (Sigma-Aldrich), and washed twice in PBS. All primary antibodies (see below for specifications) and secondary antibodies (Alexa fluorophores; Life Technologies) were diluted in filtered DMEM containing 10% FBS and 0.02% sodium azide. Antibody incubations were performed for 1–2 h at room temperature. After antibody incubations, coverslips were washed once with PBS and incubated for 10 min with PBS containing DAPI (0.5 µg/ml) at room temperature to stain DNA. Following three washing steps in PBS, coverslips were briefly washed with distilled water and mounted on 6 µl Mowiol-based mounting media. The following primary antibodies were used for immunostaining: CHK1 (1:500; rabbit; ab40866; Abcam), CHK1 phospho S296 (1:500; rabbit; ab79758; Abcam), H2AX phospho S139 (1:1,000; mouse; 613401; Biolegend), KAP1 phospho S824 (1:500; rabbit; ab70369; Abcam), RPA32 phospho S4/8 (1:500; rabbit; A300-245A; Bethyl), p21 (1:100; rabbit; sc-756; Santa Cruz), HA (1:500; mouse; 901513; Biolegend), and pH3S10 (rabbit; ab5176; Abcam).
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5

Western Blot Analysis of DNA Damage Signaling

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Cell or tissue lysates were prepared in RIPA buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl [pH 8 (link)], 150 mM NaCl, 0.1% SDS, and 0.5% Na deoxycholate, 1% NP40 and fresh proteinase inhibitor cocktail). Protein extracts were analyzed by Western blotting according to standard protocols using primary antibodies specific for p53 (CM5, Leica Microsystems), P-S15p53 (9284, Cell Signaling Technologies), p21 (SX118, Santa Cruz), PUMA (p4743, Sigma), ATM (ab2631, Abcam), phosphor-ATM (ab81292, Abcam), Kap1 (ab10484, Abcam), phosphor-Kap1 (ab70369, Abcam), Slc7a11 (ab37185, Abcam) and β-actin (A3853, Sigma). HRP-conjugated anti-rabbit,-mouse and -rat secondary antibodies (GE Healthcare) were used and signal was detected using an ECL Western blotting detection system (GE Healthcare).
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6

Western Blot Analysis of DNA Damage Response

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Proteins were resolved by SDS-PAGE and transferred onto polyvinylidene fluoride membranes. Membranes were blocked with PBS-Tween 20 (0.01%) containing 5% milk powder for 1 h at room temperature. Primary antibodies in blocking solution were applied overnight at 4°C. The following primary antibodies were used for Western blot analysis: CHK1 (1:1,000; rabbit; ab40866; Abcam), CHK1 phospho S296 (1:500; rabbit; ab79758; Abcam), CHK1 phospho S317 (1:500; rabbit; 2344; Cell Signaling), CHK1 phospho S345 (1:500; rabbit; 2348; Cell Signaling), ETAA1 (1:500; rabbit; ab122245; Abcam), DDB1 (1:2,000; rabbit; ab109027; Abcam), TOPBP1 (1:1,000; rabbit; ab2402; Abcam), RPA32 phospho S4/8 (1:500; rabbit; A300-245A; Bethyl), KAP1 phospho S824 (1:500; rabbit; ab70369; Abcam), KAP1 (1:1,000; rabbit; A300-274A; Bethyl), PCNA (1:1,000; mouse; sc-56; Santa Cruz), tubulin (1:2,000; mouse; T6199; Sigma-Aldrich), and HA (1:500; mouse; 901513; Biolegend). Secondary horseradish peroxidase–coupled antibodies (Vector Laboratories and Thermo Fisher Scientific) were applied for 1 h at room temperature in PBS-Tween 20 (0.01%) containing 1% milk powder before detection by ECL-based chemiluminescence.
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7

Immunoblotting of DNA Damage Markers

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Primary antibodies against γH2AX (ab26350, 1:1000), pH3 Ser10 antibody (ab5176, 1:1000), pKAP1 (ab70369, 1000), pCDK Y15 (ab275958, 1:1000), RPA (ab2175, 1:1000), KAP1 (ab22553, 1:1000), CDK1 (ab32094, 1:1000), and FBH1 (ab58881, 1:100) were from Abcam. BrdU antibodies (recognizes IdU) was from BD biosciences (347580, 1:50). pRPA S4/8 antibodies (A300-245A, 1:1000) was from Fortis Life Sciences. Tubulin antibodies was from Novus Biologicals (NB100-690, 1: 1000).
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8

H. pylori Infection Induces DNA Damage Response

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AGS cells were infected with H. pylori or treated as described above for 6 h. Cells were harvested and lysed using 50 μl RIPA buffer (Sigma-Aldrich, Cat. No. R0278-50ML) supplemented with 1× complete protease inhibitor cocktail (Roche). Protein concentrations were determined using Bradford assay (Bio-Rad, Cat No. 5000002) and equal amounts were separated by SDS/PAGE (10% gel) followed by transfer onto nitrocellulose membranes (GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Cat No. 10600023). Membranes were incubated with antibodies against β-Actin (CST, 3700), p-KAP1 (S824) (Abcam, ab70369), and p-ATM (Abcam, ab81292).
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9

Protein Extraction and Western Blot Analysis

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Cell or tissue lysates were prepared in RIPA buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0, 150 mM NaCl, 0.1% SDS and 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, 1% NP40 and fresh proteinase inhibitor cocktail). Protein extracts were analysed by western blotting according to the standard protocols using primary antibodies specific for PAXX (ab126353, Abcam, 1:1,000 dilution), XLF (A300-730A-1, Bethyl Laboratories, 1:1,000 dilution), Flag (M2, Sigma-Aldrich, 1:10,000 dilution), KAP1 (ab10484, Abcam, 1:1,000 dilution), phospho-KAP1 (ab70369, Abcam, 1:1,000 dilution). HRP-conjugated anti-rabbit and mouse secondary antibodies (GE Healthcare) were used and signal was detected using an ECL western blotting detection system (GE Healthcare). Uncropped images of all blots are available in Supplementary Fig. 6.
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10

Immunohistochemical Staining of Cellular Markers

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For immunohistochemical analysis, samples were embedded in paraffin and sectioned at 6 μm using a microtome (Leica). Sections were deparaffinized, rehydrated and subjected to high-temperature antigen retrieval at pH 6 for all stains except for pKAP1 at pH 9. Detection of primary antibodies was performed using peroxidase-coupled appropriate secondary antibodies. Sections were counterstained with hematoxylin. Staining was imaged using a Pannoramic DESK scanner and analysed using QuPath67 (link). Due to the shape of macrophages (Supplementary Fig. 6), proper cell detection was not possible and mean intensity was used for the analysis. For histology, the following antibodies were used: anti-CD3 (Abcam Cat# ab16669, RRID:AB_443425, 1:100), anti-CD4 (Thermo Fisher Scientific Cat# 14-9766-82, RRID:AB_2573008, 1:100), anti-CD8 (Lab Vision Cat# RB-9009-P1, RRID:AB_149750, 1:100), anti-F4/80 (Abcam Cat# ab6640, RRID:AB_1140040, 1:1,000), anti-CD45R/B220 (BD Biosciences Cat# 550286, RRID:AB_393581, 1:50), anti-KAP1 phospho-S824 (Abcam Cat# ab70369, RRID:AB_1209417, 1:500), anti-γ-H2AX (Abcam Cat# ab2893, RRID:AB_303388, 1:1,000).
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