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5 protocols using raf 1

1

Western Blot and Immunohistochemistry Protocol

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Western blotting was performed as described previously [20 (link)]. Samples of equivalent total protein (20 μg) were loaded. Primary antibodies against CD63, CD9 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA), c-MYC, p-EGFR, p-MEK, p-ERK(Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), GAPDH, DNAJB11, HSPA5, ATF6, IRE1, XBP1, PERK, ATF4, EGFR, Raf-1, MEK, and ERK1/2 (ProteinTech Group, Rosemont, IL, USA) were used. Immunohistochemical (IHC) assay was performed following a previously described procedure [21 (link)].
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2

Western Blot Analysis of Tumor Tissues

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Three tumor tissues were randomly selected from each group for Western blot analysis, according to the methods described in our previous study.39 (link) Primary antibodies used were as follows: S1P (Bioss, Beijing, China); S1PR5 (Proteintech, Wuhan, China); GNAI1 (Proteintech, Wuhan, China); Rac1 (Proteintech, Wuhan, China); KRAS (Proteintech, Wuhan, China); ERK1/2 (Proteintech, Wuhan, China); RAF1 (Proteintech, Wuhan, China); Phospho-ERK1/2 (Proteintech, Wuhan, China); MEK1 (Santa, USA); Phospho-RAF1 (Abcam, USA); Phospho-MEK1 (Abcam USA); PI3K p85 alpha (Proteintech, Wuhan, China), Phospho-PI3K p85 alpha (Abcam USA); RAC1 (Proteintech, Wuhan, China); GAPDH (Proteintech, Wuhan, China).
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3

Western Blot Analysis of MAPK Signaling Pathway

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Western blot was performed as previously described (27 (link)). Samples of equivalent total protein (40 μg) were loaded. Primary antibody against REST, p-Raf-1, p-beta-catenin, p-MEK-2, p-ERK-1/2 (Abcam, Cambridge, UK, 1:500), E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, MMP-9, ZO-1, MEK-2, ERK1/2, Raf-1, beta-catenin, beta-Actin, and Histone H3 (ProteinTech Group, Rosemont, USA, 1:500) were used. Suppression of MAPK signaling pathway with U0126 was performed as previously described (28 (link)). In brief, cells incubated in t25 culture flask with 60~70% confluency were treated with 10 μM U0126 for 36 h before further analysis.
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Western Blot Analysis of Protein Expression in Huh7 and Huh7-R Cells

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The expression of proteins in Huh7 and Huh7‐R cells was detected by performing western blot (WB). Total protein from Huh7 cells was extracted applying Total Protein Extraction Kit (Cat: BC3710; Solarbio) as the protocol described. BCA Protein Assay Kit (Cat: PC0020; Solarbio) was used to assess the protein concentration. Protein samples were electrophoresed on 10% SDS/PAGE gels. Then, the separated proteins were transferred onto polyvinylidene fluoride membranes (Cat: ISEQ00010; Merck Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). Subsequently, the membranes were incubated with the primary antibodies, CXCR4 (1 : 1000, Cat: 11073‐2‐AP; Proteintech, Wuhan, China), Cav‐1 (1 : 1000, Cat: 16447‐1‐AP; Proteintech), p‐Cav‐1 (1 : 2000, Cat: ab75876; Abcam), c‐Met (1 : 1000, Cat: 25869‐1‐AP; Proteintech), p‐c‐Met (1 : 1000, Cat: ab68141; Abcam), Raf‐1 (1 : 1000, Cat: 26863‐1‐AP; Proteintech) and EGFR (1 : 10 000, Cat: 66455‐1‐Ig; Proteintech) at 4 °C for 12 h. After blocking with 5% skim milk, the membranes were incubated with goat anti‐rabbit or goat anti‐mouse horseradish peroxidase‐conjugated secondary antibody (1 : 5000, Cat: SA00001‐2/SA00001‐1; Proteintech). GAPDH antibody (1 : 5000, Cat: 10494‐1‐AP; Proteintech) was used as a reference protein for normalization. The data were analyzed by imagej software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA).
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5

Cellular Apoptosis Signaling Pathway

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Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) and Trypsin (with EDTA) were obtained from Gibco (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). Penicillin-streptomycin was obtained from BasalMedia. The radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) buffer supplemented with Phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) was purchased from Solarbio (Beijing, China). Phosphatase and protease inhibitors were supplied by Roche Diagnostics (Shanghai, China). The primary antibodies used for WB and IHC included: DPY30 (ABclonal, A17796), Raf1 (Proteintech, 26863-1-AP). And other antibodies applied to WB as follows: GAPDH (CST, D16H11,#5714S), Bax (Proteintech, 60267-1-Ig), Bcl2 (Santa Cruz, sc-7382), Caspase-3 (CST, D3R6Y, #14220S), Cleaved Caspase-3 (CST, D175, #9661T), PARP (CST, 46D11, #9532S), YAP (CST, D8H1X, #14074S), p-YAP (CST, S127, #4911S), MST2 (PTM BIO, PTM-5408), p-MST2(CST, E7U1D, #49332), H3K4me3 (CST, C42D8, #9751S), Histone H3 (CST, D1H2, #4499S), Anti-mouse or rabbit secondary antibodies were purchased from Sigma. Other relevant kits or special supplies will be described below.
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