Dmem nutrient mixture f 12 dmem f12

Huh7 human hepatoma cells and A549 human lung epithelial cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) (Gibco; Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA). Ea.hy.926 human endothelial-like cells were cultured in DMEM/Nutrient Mixture F-12 (DMEM/F-12) (Gibco; Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA). U937 human monocyte cells were cultured in RPMI Medium (, USA). Vero cells, which are African green monkey kidney cells, were cultured in Minimum Essential Medium (MEM) (Gibco; Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA). Aedes albopictus cells (C6/36) were cultured in L-15 media (Gibco; Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA). Cell lines were cultured in their respective media, supplemented with 10% heat-inactivate fetal bovine serum (FBS, Gibco; Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA), 100 U/mL penicillin, and 100 μg/mL streptomycin (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA). Leibovitz’s L-15 media was additionally supplemented with 10% tryptose phosphate broth (TPB). Cell lines were maintained in a humidified, 37 °C, 5% CO₂ incubator, except for the C6/36 cells, which were maintained in a 28 °C incubator. DENV1 (strain Hawaii), DENV2 (strain 16681), DENV3 (strain H-87), and DENV4 (strain H241) were propagated in C6/36 cells and quantified by focus-forming unit (FFU) assay.

3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) was purchased from Nacalai Tesque Inc (Kyoto, Japan). Cisplatin, Lansoprazole, sodium deoxycholate (SDC), chloroacetamide (CAA), formic acid and ethyl acetate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). DTT and trypsin were from BioRad (Hercules, CA, USA) and Promega (Madison, WI, Wisconsin) respectively. The cell culture media, DMEM nutrient mixture F-12 (DMEM-F12), were obtained from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Antibodies used for western blotting include CD63, CD9, CD81, Na⁺/K⁺ ATP1B3, EGFR were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc (Dallas, TX, USA), while antibodies against HSC70 and GAPDH were from Cell Signaling Technology (Denver, MA, USA) and Beta-actin from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).

The mouse pancreatic cell lines (FC1242, mT4-2D, 6606PDA, 6606I, and 7265PDA) were kindly provided by Dr. David Tuveson (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, NY, USA; Cambridge University, UK) via a material transfer agreement, and the B16F10-OVA cell line was kindly provided by Dr. Mi-Hua Tao (Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan). The DC2.4 mouse dendritic cell line was purchased from Merck Millipore (Darmstadt, Germany), and the Jurkat/NFAT-Luc cell line was purchased from InvivoGen (Hong Kong, China). The mouse pancreatic cancer cell lines were maintained in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM) (Corning Inc., Corning, NY, USA). B16F10-OVA was cultured in DMEM/Nutrient Mixture F-12 (DMEM/F12) (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA). DC2.4 cells were maintained in Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 Medium (Corning Inc.). All media were supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% antibiotic antimycotic solution (Corning Inc.), according to established procedures.