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7 protocols using anti upf1

1

Western Blot Detection of Proteins

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Proteins in cell lysates were resolved by electrophoresis on 6–10% polyacrylamide gels and subsequently transferred to PVDF membranes (Millipore). The following antibodies were used: anti-EGFP (Clontech), anti-β-actin (Santa Cruz), anti-GST (Sigma), anti-UPF1 (Cell Signaling), anti-UPF2 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-calnexin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-REQ (in-house manufactured anti-rabbit peptide antibodies raised against the peptide Ac-LGEFPVSNSRARC-NH2, Mimotopes) and anti-PLCγ (Santa Cruz Biotechnology). Antibodies were diluted 1:200–1:1500 in 5% non-fat dry milk in 0.1% Tween 20/TBS and then incubated overnight at 4°C with rocking. Immunoreactive bands were then visualized using ECL reagents (Thermo).
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2

Western Blot Analysis of Protein Expression

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Cells were lysed in RIPA lysis buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl [pH 8], 150 mM NaCl, 1% NP-40, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, 0.1% SDS, supplemented with Halt protease inhibitor cocktail [Thermo Fisher Scientific]) to obtain whole-cell lysates or lysed using the NE-PER nuclear and cytoplasmic extraction kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific) to obtain cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions. Proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred to nitrocellulose membranes (Bio-Rad). Blots were incubated with the indicated primary antibody: anti-UPF3B (ab134566; Abcam), anti-UPF1 (12040; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), anti-ZIKV capsid (C) (GTX133304; GeneTex), anti-Flag (F7425; Sigma-Aldrich), anti-β-actin (A5316; Sigma-Aldrich), anti-ZIKV envelope (E) (GTX133314; GeneTex), anti-SP1 (sc-14027; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-GAPDH (5174; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), anti-Myc tag (ab9106; Abcam), anti-Strep tag (ab18422, Abcam), and anti-p62 (ab56416, Abcam). Proteins were visualized by chemiluminescent detection with ECL and ECL Hyperfilm (Amersham). Differences in band intensity were quantified by densitometry using ImageJ.
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3

Identifying LINC00689 RNA-Binding Proteins

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RIP was performed to confirm the potential RNA-binding proteins of LINC00689 by a Magna RIP RNA-Binding Protein Immunoprecipitation Kit (Millipore) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Briefly, cell lysis was conducted using RIP lysis buffer containing RNase and proteinase inhibitor, and then incubated with anti-U2AF2 (1:50, #70471, Cell Signaling Technology, Beverly, MA, USA), anti-SRSF1 (1:150, #32-4500, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), anti-PTBP1 (1:50, #32-4800, Thermo Fisher Scientific), anti-UPF1 (1:50, #9435, Cell Signaling Technology), or anti-IGF2BP2 (1:100, ab128175, Abcam) controlled by normal rabbit IgG (1:100, ab172730, Abcam) at 4°C overnight. After treatment with proteinase K buffer, the immunoprecipitated RNAs were extracted using the RNeasy MinElute Cleanup Kit (Qiagen, Duesseldorf, Germany), and then the enrichment of LINC00689 was measured by RT-qPCR.
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4

Western Blot Analysis of Protein Targets

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Cells were lysed using RIPA buffer (R0278, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). Extracted proteins separated by SDS-PAGE (1610174, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Shanghai, China) were moved to PVDF membrane (IPVH00010, Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). After membranes were sealed with 5% nonfat milk, primary antibodies including Anti-NETO2 (ab109288, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, UK), Anti-YY1 (ab109228, Abcam), Anti-UPF1 (9435, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), and Anti-GAPDH (ab8245, Abcam) were added for incubation overnight at 4°C. GAPDH was used as an internal reference. Later, the membranes were incubated with secondary antibody at room temperature for 1 h. The western blots were finally subject to enhanced chemiluminescence detection.
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5

Protein Expression and Detection Protocol

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Proteins were resolved through SDS-PAGE using 4–15% precast Mini-PROTEAN TGX Gels (Bio-Rad) and NuPAGE MOPS SDS running buffer (Thermo Fisher Scientific) before transferring to a PVDF membrane (Bio-Rad). Immunodetection was achieved with 1:5,000 anti-ZAP (Abcam, Cambridge, United Kingdom); 1:5,000 anti-TRIM25 (BD Biosciences), 1:1,000 anti-HA (Roche Life Science), 1:5000 anti-V5 (Invitrogen), 1:2,500 anti-myc (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA), 1:20,000 anti-FLAG (Sigma-Aldrich), 1:500 anti-G3BP1 (Santa Cruz, Dallas, TX), 1:1,000 anti-G3BP2 (Assay Biotech, Fremont, CA), 1:1,000 anti-UPF1 (Cell Signaling Technology), 1:10,000 anti-NME1 (Abcam), 1:2,000 anti-PABPC4 (Proteintech, Rosemont, IL), and 1:20,000 anti-actin-HRP (Sigma-Aldrich). Primary antibodies were detected with 1:20,000 goat anti-mouse HRP (Jackson ImmunoResearch, West Grove, PA), 1:20,000 goat anti-rabbit HRP (Thermo Fisher Scientific), or 1:20,000 donkey anti-rat HRP (Jackson ImmunoResearch). Proteins were resolved on a 4–15% Mini-PROTEAN TGX gel (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA) and visualized using ProSignal Pico ECL Reagent (Genesee Scientific, San Diego, CA) on a ChemiDoc (Bio-Rad). Quantification of western blots was performed using ImageJ.
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6

In Situ Proximity Ligation Assay

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The in situ proximity ligation assay (PLA) was performed on fixed and permeabilised cells using Duolink In Situ Red kit mouse/rabbit (Sigma-Aldrich, DUO92101), according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Briefly, fixed and permeabilised cells were incubated with a blocking solution for 1 h at 37 °C and then incubated with the following primary antibodies: anti-UPF1 (Cell Signaling Technology, 12040; 1:200) and LIN28A (Cell Signaling Technology, 5930; 1:200) overnight at 4 °C. After incubation, the coverslips were washed twice with 1× buffer A, followed by incubation with PLA probes for 1 h at 37 °C. After washing twice with 1× buffer A for 5 min, the coverslip was incubated with the ligation solution for 30 min at 37 °C. Coverslips were washed twice with 1× buffer A, followed by an amplification step with polymerase for 100 min at 37 °C. Finally, the coverslip was washed twice with 1× buffer B and once with 0.01× buffer B and then mounted in VECTASHIELD with DAPI mounting medium (Vector Laboratories, H1200).
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7

Western Blot Analysis of Protein Samples

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Adjusted protein lysates were supplemented with loading buffer (12% glycerol, 60 mM Na2EDTA pH 8, 0.6% SDS, 0.003% bromphenol blue) and denatured for 10 minutes at 95 °C before SDS-PAGE. Proteins were wet-transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane at 80 V for 2 hours in transfer buffer (25 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.6, 192 mM glycine, 20% methanol, 0.03% SDS). Membranes were blocked in 5% milk powder diluted in TBST (50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.6, 150 mM NaCl, 0.05% Tween 20), before an overnight incubation at 4 °C with the primary antibodies. After three times washing with TBST, membranes were incubated with HRP-coupled secondary antibodies for 1 hour at room temperature, followed by another three washes with TBST. Blots were developed with Pierce ECL Substrate Kit following the manufacturer’s instructions. The following antibodies were used: anti-FLAG M2 (mouse, F1804, Sigma-Aldrich), anti-GAPDH (mouse, ACR001P, Acris), anti-TRIM71 (rabbit, kind gift from the Yamanaka lab), anti-TRIM71 (rabbit, PAB19293, Abnova), anti-SHCBP1 (rabbit, 12672–1-AP, Proteintech), anti-Cdkn1a/p21 (rabbit, 2947, Cell Signaling Technology), anti-EGR1 (rabbit, 4154, Cell Signaling Technology), anti-UPF1 (rabbit, 9435, Cell Signaling Technology), anti-VINCULIN (mouse, V9131, Sigma-Aldrich), anti-ubiquitin (rabbit, 3933, Cell Signaling Technology) and anti-tubulin (mouse, T9026, Sigma-Aldrich).
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