Carbenicillin

This study complies with all relevant ethical regulations and the bacterial strains and plasmids used in this study are listed in Table S2. Unless otherwise noted, S. aureus strains were grown in tryptic soy broth (TSB, Difco) at 37 °C with shaking (250 rpm), or on tryptic soy agar (TSA, Difco) at 37 °C. Escherichia coli strains were grown in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth at 37 °C with shaking (250 rpm) or on LB agar plates at 37 °C. For plasmid maintenance, antibiotics were used at the following concentrations where appropriate: for S. aureus, erythromycin (Sangon Biotech) at 10 μg/ml for RN4220 and 80 μg/ml for USA300 LAC and its derivatives, chloramphenicol (Sangon Biotech) at 15 μg/ml; for E. coli, carbenicillin (Sangon Biotech) at 150 μg/ml. For other reagents, tunicamycin and vancomycin (Dalian Meilun Biotech Co., Ltd.), targocil (Shanghai TopScience Co, Ltd.), oxacillin (Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co.,Ltd.), imipenem, cefuroxime, ceftizoxime, cefaclor, cefoxitin, and epicatechin gallate from MedChemExpress, cefotaxime, isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), and AIP from Sangon Biotech, anhydrotetracycline (aTc) from APExBIO, Tarocin A1 from Merck, moenomycin complex from GlpBio, and nile red from Yeasen Biotechnology Co., Ltd. were used in this study.

To ask if N. farcinica colonized in worms, we fed young adult worms with either E. coli OP50 or N. farcinica for 96 h on BHI plates, then worms were transferred in to M9 buffer containing 25 mM levamisole hydrochloride (Sangon Biotech Co., Shanghai, China), 50 μg/mL kanamycin and 100 μg/mL carbenicillin ( Sangon Biotech Co., Shanghai, China), and soaking for 30 min before washing with M9 buffer for three times. Worms were collected and grinded in PBS with 0.1% Triton, and serial diluted before placing on BHI ager for incubation, then bacterial colonies were counted to measure CFU.