The chemicals Mn(NO3)2 (≥ 99 wt%), FeSO4·7H2O (≥ 99 wt%), LiOH (≥ 98 wt%), NH3 solution (30 wt%), H3PO4 (≥ 85%), citric acid monohydrate (C6H8O7·H2O, ≥ 99.5 wt%), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), ethylene carbonate (EC, 98 wt%), and dimethyl carbonate (DMC, ≥ 99 wt%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. All the other chemicals were of analytical grade and used without further purification. All the aqueous solutions were prepared with deionized water (DI water, 18.2 MΩ.cm) for all the experiments.
Mn no3 2
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany
Mn(NO3)2 is an inorganic chemical compound consisting of manganese and nitrate ions. It is a salt that is typically used as a laboratory reagent and in various industrial applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Ni no3 2, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Fe no3 3, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Mg no3 2, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Cu no3 2, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Zn no3 2, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Pb no3 2, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
H2so4, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Ca no3 2, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Hg no3 2, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Potassium chloride (kcl), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Feso4 7h2o, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Citric acid monohydrate c6h8o7 h2o, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Nh3 solution, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dimethyl carbonate dmc, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
H3po4, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ru acac 3, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Mn3o4, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
10 protocols using mn no3 2
1
Synthesis of Layered Cathode Materials
2
Synthesis of Mixed Manganese-Ruthenium Oxides
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Synthesis of mixed manganese-ruthenium oxides was based on the hydrothermal route of DeGuzman et al. who prepared manganese oxides, 20 but with the addition of KRuO 4 as oxidant, as well as KMnO 4 , to oxidise Mn 2+ . A solution of 0.2945 g (0.001864 moles) KMnO 4 in 5 mL of water, was added to a solution of 0.44 g (0.0026 moles) MnSO 4 •H 2 O in 1.5 mL of water and 0.7112 g concentrated H 2 SO 4 was added to give a final concentration of 1 mol dm -3 H 2 SO 4 . Varying amounts of KRuO 4 were substituted for the KMnO 4 (as described in the Results and Discussion section). The mixtures were then heated in 20 ml Teflon-lined Parr autoclaves, at a temperature of either 100 °C or 200 °C, for 24 hours. The solid products were recovered by centrifuge, washed with deionised water and dried at 80 °C in air. All chemicals were used as provided by Sigma-Aldrich. For the XANES spectroscopy experiments, the reference materials Mn(NO 3 ) 2 , Mn 2 O 3 , Mn 3 O 4 , MnO 2 , Ru(acac) 3 were also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich at the highest available purity and their identity confirmed using powder XRD, while the material La 4.87 Ru 2 O 12 was synthesised as in our previous work. 19a
3
Metal-Dependent Nuclease Activity Assay
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Inorganic salts including MgCl2, MnCl2, CaCl2, CoCl2, CuCl2, NiCl2, ZnCl2, FeCl2, FeCl3, and Mg(NO3)2 were from Thermo Fisher Scientific with a minimum purity of 99.99%. Mn(NO3)2 with 98% purity was from Sigma-Aldrich. Stock solutions (100 mM) were prepared by dissolving inorganic salts in nuclease-free water. Unless otherwise stated, metal-dependent nuclease activity was measured in the presence of 10 mM divalent metal ion or 10 mM EDTA. For metal ion concentration-dependent assay, increasing concentrations of metal ions (from 0.2 to 10 mM) were incubated with either 2 nM circular M13mp18 ssDNA or 4 nM circular pUC19 dsDNA in the presence of Mg2+ or Mn2+ for 30 min at 37°C. Reactions were terminated by adding 1 μL of Proteinase K. For kinetic study, reactions were quenched at different time points and were run on 1% agarose gel. Error bars are presented as mean ± SEM.
4
Catalytic Graphitization of Biochar
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Raw biochar pellets provided by Envigas AB were used as carbon precursors for catalytic graphitization. The biochar pellets were initially obtained from the pyrolysis of sawdust at 550 °C by using an auger reactor system. The proximate analysis and elemental analysis results were provided by Eurofins AB, as shown in Table 1 . Fe(NO3)3, Ni(NO3)2, and Mn(NO3)2 with reagent grades were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used as catalysts in this work. Hydrochloric acid (1 mol/L, ACS reagent) purchased from Sigma-Aldrich was used for ash leaching.
Ultimate and proximate analysis of the biochar used for catalytic graphitization.
| Elemental analysis (wt%, dry basis) | |
| C | 83.50 ± 3.41 |
| H | 2.68 ± 0.24 |
| N | 0.26 ± 0.05 |
| S | 0.21 ± 0.04 |
| Cl | – |
| Oa | 13.35 |
| Proximate analysis (wt%) | |
| Moisture (as received) | 2.71 ± 0.43 |
| Volatile (dry basis) | 13.71 ± 0.16 |
| Ash (dry basis) | 3.33 ± 0.09 |
| Fixed carbona (dry basis) | 82.96 |
aCalculated from difference: O% = 100%-C%-H%-N%-S%. Fixed carbon% = 100%-Volatile%-Ash%
5
Synthesis of Nanofluids Reactants
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en lThis section describes the synthesis of the materials for the nanofluids’ preparation. It is worth mentioning that all the chemicals were reactive-grade, provided by Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). The details of the reactants and chemicals utilized are as follows; Mn(NO ) (SIGMA code: 288640-25G), C H O (SIGMA code: A92902-500G), H SO (Sigma code: 258105), NaOH (MERCK code:106498.1000), potassium permanganate (Chemix code: 169708), H O (Bios Lab Chile AG-0185).
6
DNA Oligonucleotide Synthesis and Reagent Sources
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All of the DNA oligonucleotides used in our study were synthesized by Invitrogen (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA) and are listed in Table S1. Exo III was purchased from New England Biolabs, Inc., Ipswich, MA, USA. ABTS; hemin; dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO); H 2 O 2 ; tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (Tris); tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED); ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA); 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES); and the metal salts, including Cu(NO 3 ) 2 , Fe(NO 3 ) 3 , Fe(NO 3 ) 2 , Zn(NO 3 ) 2 , Mg(NO 3 ) 2 , Pb(NO 3 ) 2 , Hg(NO 3 ) 2 , Ca(NO 3 ) 2 , Mn(NO 3 ) 2 , Ni(NO 3 ) 2 ), and KCl, were purchased from Sigma Chemical Company (St. Louis, MO, USA).
7
Antioxidant and ACE Inhibition Assays
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The food-grade enzyme Alcalase 2.4 L was provided by Novozymes (Bagsvaerd, Denmark). 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), pyrocatechol violet, ferrozine, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and hippuryl-histidyl-leucine (HHL) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Cu(NO3)2, Mg(NO3)2, Mn(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3, NaNO3 KNO3, Ni(NO3)2 and Cr(NO3)3 Pb(NO3)2 and Cd(NO3)2 solutions were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). All other chemicals were of analytical grade.
8
Antioxidant Compounds and Metal Standards Procurement
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Phenolic acids and flavones (gallic and quercetin) were purchased from Karl-Roth, Karlsrue, Germany, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, Fluka Switzerland. Other chemicals (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8—tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox)) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. Matrix modifier for graphite furnace AAS (Pd(NO3)2/HNO3 ca. 15% (Palladium matrix modifier), Mg(NO3)2·6H2O in HNO3 ca. 17% (Magnesium matrix modifier), NH4H2PO4 100 ± 2 g/L in H2O (Phosphate modifier) were purchased from Merck KgaA, 6471 Darmstadt, Germany. Standards solution (Cu(NO3)2) in HNO3 0.5 mol/L (Copper standard solution), Cd(NO3)2 in HNO3 0.5 mol/L (Cadmium standard solution), Cr(NO3)3 in HNO3 0.5 mol/L (Chromium standard solution), Mn(NO3)2 in HNO3 0.5 mol/L (Manganese standard solution), SeO2 in HNO3 0.5 mol/L (Selenium standard solution), NaNO3 in H2O (Sodium standard solution), Mg(NO3)2 in HNO3 0.5 mol/L (Magnesium standard solution), KNO3 in HNO3 0.5 mol/L (Potassium standard solution), Fe(NO3)3 in HNO3 0.5 mol/L (Iron standard solution), Ca(NO3)2 in HNO3 0.5 mol/L (Calcium standard solution), Ni(NO3)2 in HNO3 0.5 mol/L (Nickel standard solution), Pb(NO3)2 in HNO3 0.5 mol/L (Lead standard solution), and Zn(NO3)2 in HNO3 0.5 mol/L (Zinc standard solution) were purchased from Merck KgaA, Darmstadt, Germany.
9
Macro and Trace Element Standards
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The macro- (Ca, Mg, Na, and K) and trace (Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn) element standards (CaCO3, Mg band, NaCl, KCl, Fe(NO3)3, Cu(NO3)2, Mn(NO3)2, and Zn(NO3)2; >99% purity), as well as LaCl2 and CsCl (>99% purity) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Pepsin (from porcine stomach mucosa; 1.470 units/mg prot; P-7000); pancreatin (from porcine pancreas, activity equivalent to 4 x U.S.P. specifications; P-1750); and porcine bile (B-8631) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). All other reagents were purchased from Panreac Química S.L.U. (Barcelona, Spain). Water was treated in a Milli-Q water purification system (TGI Pure Water Systems, Indianapolis, IN, USA).
10
Adsorption of Zn(II) from Aqueous Solutions
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Anhydrous 1,4-dioxane, active carbon (particle size <100 µm), iminodiacetic acid, NaOH, HCl, H 2 SO 4 , HNO 3 , Mn(NO 3 ) 2 , K 2 SO 4 , NaCl, CH 3 COOH, CH 3 COONa, NaH 2 PO 4 , Na 2 HPO 4 , Pb(NO 3 ) 2 , FeSO 4 , CuSO 4 , Co(NO 3 ) 2 , NiSO 4 , Zn(NO 3 ) 2 , Hg(NO 3 ) 2 , Al (NO 3 ) 3 , AgNO 3 , Mg(NO 3 ) 2 , Ca(NO 3 ) 2 , Ba(NO 3 ) 2 , and ethanol were products of Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
All the reagents were of analytical grade and used without any further purification.
The stock solution (1000 mg/L) of Zn(II) was prepared by dissolving an appropriate amounts of Zn(NO 3 ) 2 , in deionized water. To adjust the pH of the solution, 10 mL of 0.01 M acetic acid-acetate buffer (pH 3-6.5) or 0.01 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.5-9) was used wherever suitable.
All the reagents were of analytical grade and used without any further purification.
The stock solution (1000 mg/L) of Zn(II) was prepared by dissolving an appropriate amounts of Zn(NO 3 ) 2 , in deionized water. To adjust the pH of the solution, 10 mL of 0.01 M acetic acid-acetate buffer (pH 3-6.5) or 0.01 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.5-9) was used wherever suitable.
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