Phosphatidylcholine

PhosphatidylSerine (PS) was purchased from Chemi Nutra Inc. (Austin, TX, USA). Phosphatidylcholine (PC) was purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. Curcumin, citric acid, α-D-Lactose monohydrate, trehalose, and mannitol were purchased from Shanghai yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Sodium dihydrogen phosphate and dibasic sodium phosphate were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Artificial saliva (CZ0243, pH6.8), simulated gastric fluid (CZ0212), and artificial intestinal juice (CZ0200) were purchased from Beijing Leagene Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were obtained from Dalian Meilun Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Dalian, China). Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) was purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay kit was purchased from Beijing Applygen Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Ultra-pure water was obtained by MILLI-Q* ultra-pure water system.

Lapachol [2-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone] was purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China). DSPE-mPEG2000 [1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-(maleimide-2000)] was provided by the Corden Pharma (Liestal, Switzerland). Phosphatidylcholine was obtained from Macklin (Shanghai, China). Cholesterol was purchased from ABCONE (Shanghai, China). Acetonitrile of HPLC grade was supported by Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA), thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay kits were purchased from Solarbio (Beijing, China). All other solvent and chemicals were of analytical grade.