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44 protocols using sodium chloride (nacl)

1

Tung Oil-based Epoxy Composites

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Tung oil was obtained from the Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products. Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (epoxide value: 0.48–0.54 equiv. (100 g)−1), Baling Petrochemical Branch Company, PetroChina Co., Ltd, polyetherimide (D230, amine value: 8.1–8.7 mequiv. g−1, Huntsman Chemical Co., Ltd), triphenylphosphine (99.5%, Shanghai Lingfeng Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd), acrylonitrile (98%, Sinopec Shanghai Petrochemical Co., Ltd), potassium oleate (98%, Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd), ammonium persulphate (98%, Shanghai Lingfeng Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd), sodium chloride (Xilong Scientific Co., Ltd), sodium hydroxide (Xilong Scientific Co., Ltd), potassium hydroxide (Xilong Scientific Co., Ltd), methanol (99.5%, Nanjing Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd), hydrochloric acid (36.0–38.0%, Nanjing Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd) and epoxidized soybean oil (epoxide value: 0.38 equiv. (100 g)−1, Shanghai Aladdin Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd) were used as received.
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2

Camellia Husk-Based Fabric Dye

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Camellia husks were purchased from an oil extraction plant in Quanzhou, China. Silk fabric was purchased from the local market in Wuhan (warp-knitted fabric, 20 g m−2). Acetic acid, sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide, anhydrous ethanol, methanol, ferrous sulphate heptahydrate, copper sulphate pentahydrate, aluminium sulphate octadecahydrate were supplied by Xilong Science Co. Ltd. Chromium trichloride and neodymium chloride were purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co. Ferric chloride was supplied by Tianjin Fuchen Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine (DPPH) was purchased from Hefei BOSF Biotechnology Co. Ltd. All reagents were used as received without any further purification.
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3

Antimicrobial Sesbania Gum-based Coating

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Sesbania gum (SG) was purchased from Xi’an Longmao Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xi’an, China. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was purchased from Shanghai Changguang Enterprise Development Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China. Nano-zinc oxide (nano-ZnO, particle size 30 nm) was purchased from Kuer Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China. Glycerol (56-81-5, AR), sodium hydroxide (1310-73-2, AR), sodium chloride (7647-14-5, AR), hydrochloric acid (7647-01-0, 38%), and anhydrous ethanol (64-17-5, 95%) were purchased from Xilong Scientific Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China. The manufacturer of PE fresh-keeping film was MIAOJIE. LB culture medium was purchased from Guangdong Huankai Microbial Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China. AGAR powder was purchased from Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were purchased from the Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center, Guangzhou, China. Wampee fruits (Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels) were purchased from the orchards of local farmers in Yongxing Town, Haikou City.
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4

Crayfish Carapace Powder Extraction

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Red swamp crayfish (P. clarkii, n = 475, 11 ± 1 cm long and 32 ± 4 g in weight) were purchased from Qianjiang City, Hubei Province, China. A plastic foam box was used to transport the crayfish on ice to the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety. The carapaces of the cephalothoraxes were collected, washed in ice water, and placed overnight in a cold room (4 °C) to remove surface moisture. Following this, they were intermittently ground into a fine powder (6.35 mm mesh) with an LD-T400 food blender (Dingshuai Electric Appliance Inc., Shanghai, China) to avoid degrading the heat-labile components.
Boric acid, Tris, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), sodium hydroxide, ammonium sulphate, and sodium chloride were of analytical grade and purchased from Xilong Scientific Co., Ltd., Shantou, China.
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5

Versatile Nanodiamond-based Analytical Platform

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Nano-diamond, FeCl3, H2SO4 and HNO3, 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), 1,2-diaminobenzene (OPD), 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS), L-γ-glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine (GSH), thiourea were purchased from Macklin reagent Co.,Ltd. (Shanghai, China), Human serum albumin (HAS), Bovine serum albumin (BSA), ascorbic acid (AA), glycine (Gly), L-lysine (Lys), L-serine (Ser), D/L-cysteine(D-Cys, L-Cys), glucose, sodium chloride, calcium chloride, cupric sulfate, ferric chloride, potassium chloride, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, tartaric acid, choline chloride were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. NaN3 was purchased fromTianjin Fuchen Chemical Reagent Factory. H2O2 was purchased from Xilong Scientific Co., Ltd. sodium chloride, calcium chloride, cupric sulfate, ferric chloride, potassium chloride, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, tartaric acid, choline chloride was purchased fromSinopharm ChemicalReagent Co., Ltd. Sodium acetate buffer (0.1 M, pH = 4.0) were freshly prepared before use. All solutions prepared for purified water are derived from Wahaha purified water (China).
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6

Silver Nanoparticle Synthesis via Reducing Agents

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Reagents: methanol (analytical grade, purity 99.5%, Xilong Technology Co., Ltd.), isopropanol (analytical grade, purity 99.5%, Tianjin Damao Chemical Reagent Factory), melamine (analytical grade, purity 99.0%, Aladdin Company), absolute ethanol (analytical grade, purity 99.5%, Xilong Technology Co., Ltd.), silver nitrate (analytical grade, purity 99.8%, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.), sodium chloride (analytical grade, purity 99.5%, Xilong Science Co., Ltd.) , Zinc acetate dihydrate (analytical grade, purity 98.0%, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.).
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7

Chitosan-Based Antimicrobial Assay Development

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Chitosan (degree of deacetylation 90%), sodium hydroxide, and ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate were purchased from Yuanye Biotech Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Riboflavin (purity 98–102%) and potassium iodide were obtained from Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Glacial acetic acid (purity > 99.5%) was purchased from Yonghua Chemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Glycerol and sodium chloride were both purchased from Xilong Science Co., Ltd. (Shantou, China). p-Nitroso dimethylaniline (p-NDA) was purchased from TCI Chemical Industry Development Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Phosphate buffer solution, potassium hydrogen phthalate, and L-histidine were obtained from Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). LB medium and agar powder were purchased from Hopebiol Biotech Co., Ltd. (Qingdao, China). Escherichia coli O157 and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC29213) were both obtained from China General Microbiology Culture Collection Center (Beijing, China).
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8

Synthesis of Uranium-Doped Yeast Beads

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Instant dry yeast cells (>90 wt%) were acquired from Angel Yeast (China). Analytical‐reagent‐grade glucose (C6H12O6), DMF, sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and sodium chloride (NaCl) were supplied by Xilong Scientific (China). Uranyl (VI) nitrate hexahydrate (UO2(NO3)2•6H2O, 99%) was supplied by Beijing Warwick Chemical (China). Hydroxylamine hydrochloride (NH2OH•HCl, analytical reagent grade), general‐reagent‐grade sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), PAN (99%; average Mw, 150000), and arsenazo III (95%) were obtained from Macklin Biochemical (China). All chemicals were directly used without additional purification.
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9

Characterization of Oat-Derived β-Glucan

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Commercial soluble β-glucan (80 wt% β-glucan content) extracted from oats was bought from Yikang Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (Zhangjiakou, China). Myr with a purity of greater than 98% (standard substance in HPLC analysis) was obtained from Wekeiqi Biotechnology Co. Ltd. (Sichuan, China). Stearic acid (analytical grade) was supplied by Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, analytical grade), Salicylic acid (analytical grade) were obtained from Damao Chemical Reagent Factory. N,N′-carbonyldiimidazole (99%), potassium bromide were purchased from Aladdin Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Isopropanol (analytical grade), anhydrous ethanol (analytical grade), sodium chloride (analytical grade), potassium chloride (analytical grade), and sodium bicarbonate (analytical grade) were obtained from Xilong Scientific Co., Ltd. (Guangdong, China). 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Pepsin, and trypsin were provided by Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). All other reagents used in the study were of analytical grade.
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10

Passion Fruit Natural Colorant Extraction

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Passion fruit was obtained from a local market (Guilin, China). Methyl violet (C25H30N3Cl), methylene blue (C16H18N3ClS), amaranth (C₂₀H₁₁N₂Na₃O₁₀S₃), mordant black (C20H12N3NaO7S), tartrazine (C16H9N4O9S2Na3), and methyl orange (C14H14N3NaO3S) of analytical purity were purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide, acetone, N, N-dimethylacetamide, and sodium chloride were provided by Xilong Chemical Co., Ltd. (Shantou, China) and used without any further purification. Succinic anhydride was purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Deionized water was prepared with a water purification AXLM1820 system (Chongqing, China).
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