Easivial ps h 4ml

Weight average molecular weight (M_w), weight average molecular number (M_n), and molecular weight distribution (M_w/M_n) of polymers were measured using gel permeation chromatography (EcoSEC HLC-8320GPC, Tosoh Bioscience, Tokyo, Japan) equipped with a refractive index detector. GPC calibration was conducted using PS standards (Agilent EasiVial PS-H 4mL, Santa Clara, CA, USA).
Virgin and recycled polymers were dissolved in tetrahydrofuran solvent (THF) with a final concentration of 1 mg/mL. Polymer solutions were pre-filtered using a 0.22 μm syringe filter. The column temperature was 40 °C, and the solvent flow rate was set at 0.35 mL/min. Moreover, the average number of random chain scissions per unit mass of each polymer (n_t) was calculated according to the following Equation (1).
$n_t=\left(\frac{1}{M_{nt}}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{M_{n0}}\right)$
where, n_t is the number of chain scission at a given reprocessing cycle, M_n0 and M_nt represent the number average molecular weight of samples after the initial and a given processing cycle, respectively.

All chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, and anhydrous solvents were obtained from VWR and EMD Millipore. A Bruker 400 MHz spectrometer was used to record 1H NMR spectra using tetrmethylsilane (TMS) as the internal standard. An attenuated total reflectance (ATR) diamond tip was used to record IR Spectra in a Thermo Scientific Nicolet 8700 FTIR instrument. The ’ number and weight average molecular weight of the synthesized polymers were characterized by gel permeation chromatographic using the GPC EcoSECsystem using polystyrene (Agilent EasiVial PS-H 4 ml) as the standard. As a mobile phase, THF was used at a flow rate of 0.35 mL/min, maintaining the column temperature at 40°C. Malvern zetasizer (Malvern ZS 90) instrument was used to measure the hydrodynamic diameter of nanoparticles. In addition, a UV-vis spectrophotometer and a fluorescent Fluoro-Log3 spectrophotometer were used to record UV-visible and fluorescence spectra of samples, respectively. The MitoProbe JC-1 assay kit was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA).